E-Marketing Segmentation, Differentiation, and Positioning Strategies Coursework

E-Marketing Segmentation, Differentiation, and Positioning Strategies - Coursework Example ther issue that proper entry research can turn up: no company wants to suddenly find that it has gone from a saturated domestic market to a saturated one. Therefore, companies must research carefully before making the move to market, and know what kind of customers they are targeting. â€Å"With three types of customers-those who shop exclusively through the catalogs, those who purchase strictly through retail, and those who utilize both channels of distribution - The J. Peterman Company is committed to learning all they can about their customers to gain increased market share† (J, 1999). Note that at the writing of this quotation, J Peterman was not involved with online marketing yet. However, at that present, it was proactive, and met the challenge of the future. In terms of the competitor market jpeterman.com shares within various segments, there are various niche competitors, such as Sharper Image, and J Crew, which have a larger market share and presence. It would be a mistake to offer the more lucrative market a product that it could not afford or could easily replace with a cheaper competitor’s product of similar quality. Although this market may be more willing to pay more initially for something faddish than the busy family market segment, it should not be the intention of the company to cash in on a quick fad and lose the long-term perspective warranted by this important market. Therefore, the company should follow a pricing strategy that places a great deal of importance not only on internet price cutting, but also on establishing perceived value in the customer base and leveraging this perception in terms of long-term customer attenuation. J Peterman is in a very competitive industry. The source of this is the popularity of this industry as a commerce supplier that can also now be accessed over the internet. Many businesses like J Peterman are rushing to invest time and money in networked e-commerce systems, so as to enhance consumer

An Eminent Threat to the Planet Essay Example for Free

An Eminent Threat to the Planet Essay Global warming is certainly a danger that threatens our society. While it may not drastically affect this generation, if things keep going as they are, future generations will have to deal with the problems that people are presently causing. Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases Global warming refers to an overall increase in the temperature of the earth. This is due emissions of greenhouse gases, which are essentially pollutants which damage the earth’s ability to maintain itself when they are released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a particularly common greenhouse gas that is emitted by the activities people all of the time. An overload of these gases prevents the ability of the atmosphere to absorb some of the rays from the sun, as the ozone layer is damaged. Fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene release fumes into the atmosphere that damage the atmosphere’s ability to regulate the earth’s temperature by allowing and preventing solar rays from reaching the surface. Climate Change and seal Level Rise Although current climate change is best represented by more extreme temperatures (higher high temperatures in the summer, and lower lows in the winter), ultimately the earth is expected to warm up. Many scientists have hypothesized that within the next century, the earth may warm by up to two degrees Fahrenheit. Although this does not seem like a lot, it could cause the melting of the outer layers of Antarctic ice, which would cause a rise in sea level by up to a few feet over the course of the next century. But the rate of global warming is expected to increase, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. If this occurs, and due to the expansion of Antarctic ice and the melting of some ice caps, sea level could rise by several feet, which would have devastating consequences. Life as we know it would be completely altered by any significant rise in sea level. Because water allows for trade and transportation, most major communities are built close to the coast of continents, rather than the interiors. That being said, if sea level was to rise so much as ten feet, many cities would be completely destroyed. Miami, Florida would have to be evacuated, as would most of the towns within fifty miles of the United States Gulf Coast. Much of the land in the Caribbean would be submerged, as would many islands in the South Pacific, and even some areas in Europe, such as the Netherlands. How Our Current Activities are Causing Global Warming Although exact measurements of the rate of the rise in temperature and thus, sea level are presently immeasurable, the way human beings are living today will certainly ensure that they will be significant. People are causing more emissions of environmentally and atmospherically dangerous gases than ever before, and we do not seem like we are going to stop any time soon. More cars are on the road, more airplanes are in the air, and more boats, including large freighters and barges are in the water than ever before, and as the planet’s population increases, so will the amount and volume of our emissions of dangerous gases. If we intend to hinder global warming in any way, we have to realize that our present course is not environmentally friendly, and it will lead to a rise in temperature (and a greater abundance of pollutants). We need to invest in clean fuels, and even though researching alternatives to our current fuels will be costly, it is well worth it in the long run, because global warming is a fast way to destroy our planet. References U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Climate Change: Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2009. http://www. epa. gov/climatechange/emissions/index. html U. S. Department of State. Climate Change and Overview. 2009. http://www. state. gov/g/oes/rls/rpts/car/90312. htm

Germany :: essays research papers

Germany is located in Central Europe. It borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. It is between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. It is slightly smaller than Montana.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany’s economy was the world’s third most powerful in 1997. The German economy benefited from robust exports, particularly to other members of the EU and the US, as well as strengthening equipment investments. But anemic private consumption and contraction in the construction industry limited the expansion. Unemployment continued to set post-war monthly records through the end of 1997 and averaged 4.3 million for the year. In preparation for the first of January 1999, the start of the European Monetary Union, the government has made major efforts in 1996-97 to reduce the fiscal deficit. This effort has been complicated by growing unemployment, an erosion of the tax base, and the continuing transfer of roughly $100 billion a year to eastern Germany to refurbish this ex-communist area. In recent years business and political leaders have become increasingly concerned about Germany’s decline in attractiveness as an investment target. They cite increasing preference by German companies to locate new manufacturing facilities in foreign countries rather than in Germany, to be closer to the markets, and to avoid Germany’s high tax rates, high wage cost, rigid labor structures, and extensive regulations. For similar reasons foreign investment in Germany has been lagging for years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany is one of the world’s leading industrial nations. Western Germany is among the world’s largest and technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, and electronics. Eastern Germany’s industries are metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine building, textiles, and petroleum refining. Industry employs around 41 percent of the German work force. Germany’s biggest industry is vehicles because of luxury cars such as the BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche, but you can’t forget the VW Beetle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  German exports value at 521.1 billion dollars. Manufacturing, such as machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, and iron and steel products, totals over 88 percent of all exports. Agricultural products account for 5 percent, raw materials for a little over 2 percent, and fuels as 1 percent. Other non-mentioned products total about 3 and a half percent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  German imports value at 455.7 billion dollars. manufactured items are also the most imported at a little over 74 percent of all imports. Agricultural products equal around 10 percent, fuels are over 6 percent, and raw materials are almost 6 percent. Other non-mentioned materials are under 4 percent of the total imports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The labor force is roughly 38.7 million people. As said earlier industry employs around 41 percent, agriculture employs 3 percent, and services employ

The Men We Carry in Our Minds

The Men We Carry in Our Minds Scott Russell Sanders In his essay â€Å"The Men We Carry in Our Minds,† Scott Russell Sanders examines the problems that exist between gender inequalities. These problems mainly took place during the early 20th  century. Men had the choice of either being factory workers or soldiers, while women only had the option of staying home. Sanders uses  argumentative strategies  to help the reader establish and see clearly the difficulties between this issue.His essay expresses how only certain men were forced to do hard labour in order to provide for their family, while others just had it handed to them. He also argues about how women were never given the equal opportunity to follow their dreams and were told that only men were capable of being successful. As a child, Sanders witnessed many men go through the same routine of life, being forced to do hard labour in order to support their families. He knew men such as marginal farmers, carpenters, s teel workers and many others who all laboured with their bodies.But he also knew of another sort of men, â€Å"†¦ men, who did not sweat and break down like mules† (Sanders, 326). These other sorts of men were soldiers. To Sanders they appeared like they barely worked at all. But he later learned that these men would soon be off to war, to fight for their lives and for their country. At first, appearance meant everything but later Sanders learned that it wasn’t just hard working men who had hardship, every man did. Sanders was given an opportunity that many in his social class were rarely given.He was offered a scholarship into college, which taught him the different views of people towards life. Being in college allowed him to interact with different types of people, especially women and these interactions opened his views into the issues that concerned many women. He learned how women were tired of always being in the shadow of men, and that they wanted to be re cognized as their own individuals. Sanders soon realized that the main influence towards these women views were the men in their lives.The fathers who brought them up and taught them that only men were capable of being successful. Women strongly believed that they had equal rights of being as successful as men. From the interactions with women around him, Sanders finally realized that women were just as equal, but to society it was still the same. In the end men were to be seen more successful than women. Scott Russell Sanders. â€Å"The Men We Carry in Our Minds. † Essay Writing for Canadian Students with Readings. 6th ed. Eds. Kay L. Stewart, roger Davis, Chris J. Bullock, and Marian E. Allen. Toronto ON: Pearson, 2008. 324-329

How Can Cities Be More Sustainable Environmental Sciences Essay

Increasingly people are traveling to metropoliss and it is estimated that by the twelvemonth 2025 that 65 % of the universe ‘s population with be urban inhabitants ( Pacione 2007 ) . However, the demands of this turning urban population are impacting on our environment as resource ingestion and waste production wreak mayhem on our planet and our quality of life ( Wackernagel and Rees 1996 ) . The international consensus is that we need to move now toward sustainable development and this means happening a balance between societal, economic, and environmental precedences for now and future coevalss ( World Commission on Environment and Development 2004 ) . This essay will discourse the construct and rules of sustainable development as a model for be aftering for sustainable metropoliss, Australia ‘s national stance, be aftering dockets at the local degree, the common visions and actions for sustainable development, and reviewing the recent Brisbane City Centre Master Plan 2 026. The universe is presently home to a projected population estimation of 6.8 billion people ( US Census Bureau 2010 ) with approximately 22.4 million residing in Australia ( Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010 ) . Urbanization is happening at an dismaying rate with 50 % of the universe population presently populating in metropoliss and by the twelvemonth 2025 this figure is expected to hold risen to 65 % ( Pacione 2007 ) . These mega-cities have to run into the basic demands and consumerist life styles of 1000000s of people ensuing in degrees of resource ingestion and waste production which have black impacts on the environment ( Wackernagel and Rees 1996 ) . Our â€Å" ecological footmark † greatly outstrips the rate at which our environmental resources can be renewed and wastes can be absorbed which internationally has raised grave concerns for the future sustainability of our planet ( Wackernagel and Rees 1996 ) . If we fail to move now we may really good be jeopardizing the really being of future coevalss. So the inquiry is how to make we travel towards sustainability and the echoing reply is for the sustainable development of our metropoliss. The construct of sustainable development purposes to protect our hereafter and was foremost defined in Our Common Future by the World Commission on Environment and Development ( WCED ) in 1987 as â€Å" development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands † ( 2004, p.56 ) . Besides known as the Brundtland Commission, it advocated for sustainability which encompasses non merely our natural environment but equilibrating this with interacting economic and societal precedences ( WCED 2004 ) . The demand for sustainable development was emphasised once more internationally with the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) in Rio de Janeiro ( the â€Å" Earth Summit † ) which resulted in Agenda 21 ( United Nations 2004 ) . This docket paperss the rules of sustainable development and is an international guideline for actions authoritiess, non-government administrations, and the community can take together to accomplish sustainability ( Department of the Environment and Heritage 2004 ) . Several international get-togethers and studies on sustainable development for our metropoliss have since occurred and legion states and international administrations have adopted the rules of sustainable development rules into their dockets. Despite the multiple of dockets, models, and acts steering the sustainable development of our parts and metropoliss it is still a fuzzed construct and therefore a closer expression at its three constituents – environment, societal, and economic system – is needed to place the issues and demands, signifier ends and aims, and develop programs for execution. Using this integrated planning attack has normally been called the ‘triple bottom line ‘ ( Williams 2007 ) .The Triple Bottom LineFirst coined by John Elkington in 1996, the ternary bottom line advocates that the attack to sustainable development and assessment steps of sustainable patterns should see societal, environmental, and economic indexs and how they impact upon each other ( Rogers and Ryan 2001 ) . Figure 1 illustrates merely how the three constituents of sustainability are intertwined.Figure 1. The mutuality the societal, economic, and environmental constituents of the Triple Bottom Line.When be a ftering for sustainable metropoliss a balance needs to be struck between the precedences of accomplishing societal equity and inclusion, economic prosperity, and the protection of the environment ( Campbell 1996 ) . Conflicts in the precedences of each factor are inevitable and metropoliss besides impact upon environing parts and on a national and even international graduated table. With this in head, this attack to be aftering sustainable metropoliss is bound to be more successful when all cardinal stakeholders ( authorities, concern, industry, non-profit administrations, community etc ) work in partnership. Examples of precedences enveloped under each ternary bottom line constituent are outlined below in Table 1.Table 1. Examples of Triple Bottom Line Priorities for Sustainable Development( Reproduced from: Dekay & A ; O'Brien 2001, Pacione 2007, United Nations 2004, Wackernagel & A ; Rees 1996 )ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESAir and H2O pollution ( i.e. COA? emanations ) Climate alteration ( i.e. increased H2O temperature ) Impacts on ecosystems and species biodiversity ( i.e. species extinction ) Over usage of land and natural resources ( i.e. over-fishing, deforestation ) Water deficits Natural catastrophes ( i.e. bushfires, cyclones, temblors, tsunamis )SOCIAL ISSUESHealth ( i.e. disease ) Poverty and hungriness Inadequate lodging ( i.e. homelessness ) Social unfairness ( i.e. human rights, chances ) War Crime Impacts on quality of life ( i.e. traffic congestion, noise )ECONOMICAL ISSUESUnemployment Issues with economic growing and stableness ( i.e. planetary fiscal crisis ) Campbell ( 1996 ) lineations three major struggles which can happen when turn toing these precedences: the belongings struggle ( economic growing versus societal equity ) , the resource struggle ( economic growing versus environmental protection ) , and the development struggle ( societal equity versus environmental protection ) . An illustration of a development struggle is happening land to develop lodging for the turning population while still continuing the environment and ecosystems ( i.e. Parkss, natural militias ) . The issues ( outlined in table 1 ) which are confronting the universe are by no agencies exhaustive and some are more applicable to developing ( i.e. poorness ) than developed states ( i.e. C emanations ) , therefore designation of these specific issues, the causes, and interactions confronting metropoliss at a local degree are critical towards sustainable planning. However, metropoliss can impact globally ( i.e. due to exporting ) and hence the overall ends and aims for be aftering for sustainable development should besides vibrate with regional, national and international dockets.Ecological Sustainable Development in AustraliaIn 1990, merely a twelvemonth after sustainable development had been brought to international attending by the WCED ‘s publishment of Our Common Future ( 2004 ) the Australian authorities embraced the construct specifying ‘ecological sustainable development ‘ ( ESD ) as â€Å" ‘using, conserving and heightening the community ‘s r esources so that ecological procedures, on which life depends, are maintained, and the entire quality of life, now and in the hereafter, can be increased † ( Commonwealth of Australia 1990, cited in Williams 2007, p. 124 ) . After old ages of extended audience between all the cardinal stakeholders ( i.e. authorities, concern, industry, community, non-profit administrations, faculty members ) , studies from cardinal industry sectors on sustainability issues and advice on ESD policy way, and careful consideration of planetary positions ( i.e. United Nation ‘s Agenda 21 ) the National Strategy for Ecological Sustainable Development was published in 1992 ( Department of the Environment and Heritage ( DoEH ) 1992 ) . This papers was endorsed by the Council of Australian Governments ( COAG ) and provides a national model for authoritiess to steer their determination devising and policy development towards guaranting sustainable development in Australian. Furthermore, the Strategy aims to inform industries, concerns, and the community and promote the development of policies and patterns towards a sustainable Australia ( DoEH 1992 ) . The ends, nucleus aims, and seven steering rules outlined in the Nationa l Strategy for Ecological Sustainable Development are outlined in the tabular array 2 below. Table 2. Overview of the National Strategy of for Ecological Sustainable Development ( NSESD ) ( DoEH 1992 ) Goal: Development that improves the entire quality of life, both now and in the hereafter, in a manner that maintains the ecological procedures on which life depends.CORE Aim:to heighten single and community wellbeing and public assistance by following a way of economic development that safeguards the public assistance of future coevalss to supply for equity within and between coevalss to protect biological diverseness and keep indispensable ecological procedures and life-support systemsGUIDING Principles:determination devising procedures should efficaciously incorporate both long and short-run economic, environmental, societal and equity considerations where there are menaces of serious or irreversible environmental harm, deficiency of full scientific certainty should non be used as a ground for proroguing steps to forestall environmental debasement the planetary dimension of environmental impacts of actions and policies should be recognised and considered the demand to develop a strong, turning and diversified economic system which can heighten the capacity for environmental protection should be recognised the demand to keep and heighten international fight in an environmentally sound mode should be recognised cost effectual and flexible policy instruments should be adopted, such as improved rating, pricing and inducement mechanisms determinations and actions should supply for wide community engagement on issues which affect them In reexamining the aims of the NSESD the three basis of sustainable development are present: accomplishing environmental protection, societal wellbeing and equity, and economic development now and for future coevalss. The rules are really wide sweeping and argue for a collaborative, careful and balanced attack towards determination devising and actions to accomplish sustainable environment, economic system, and communities in Australia. Of note is the 2nd rule, besides known as the â€Å" precautional rule † , which emphasises that deficiency of scientific grounds should non forestall action to debar serious environmental debasement ( Williams 2007 ) . The NSESD rules have been incorporated into legion local, province, and federal authorities Acts in Australia, including ( but non limited to ) environmental, land, H2O, coastal, and be aftering Acts ( Peel 2005, Williams 2007 ) . One of the most recent planning Acts is the Queensland Government ‘s Sustainable Planning Act ( SPA ) 2009 ( Department of Infrastructure and Planning 2009a ) which replaces the Integrated Planning Act 1997. In line with the NSESD rules, the intent of this new act is to accomplish ecological sustainability by pull offing the procedure and effects of development ( guaranting answerability ) on the environment and guaranting that local, regional, and province planning is integrated together through collaborative partnerships ( Department of Infrastructure and Planning 2009b ) . Another of import papers which is steering local planning in Australia is the United Nation ‘s Local Agenda 21 ( LA21, chapter 28 of Agenda 21 ) . This plan provides a model to implement sustainable development at the local degree and strongly encourages community engagement with local authoritiess in the development of policies, action programs, and enterprises for their metropoliss and the surrounding parts. Australia has been committed since 1997 to advance the Local Agenda 21 plan and provides local authoritiess with resources and funding towards be aftering for and implementing sustainable policies, schemes, plans, and activities in their local countries ( Cotter and Hannan 1999 ) . Figure 2 illustrations the five action phases of LA21. These actions provide a construction for planning in which it appears to be both in line with the procedural rational attack and values-based in that it focuses on developing programs based on a wealth of information and cognition from all possible beginnings and actively measuring whether executions are working towards accomplishing the program ‘s ends and marks. Of note is that beginnings for planning can include: looking at beginnings which provide information on what the indexs or issues are happening ( i.e. of the State of the Environment studies ( Williams 2007 ) , ecological footmark appraisals ( Wackernagel & A ; Rees 1996 ) ) ; sing what authoritiess ( i.e. regional programs ) and administrations are making ; affecting the community and concerns to pull on their cognition, experiences, and needs ; and feedback from reappraisals and studies on the results of ain and other enforced programs. Figure 2. Action countries in Local Agenda 21 procedure ( Cotter, B & A ; Hannan, K 1999 ) As mentioned antecedently, LA21 is a planetary plan for be aftering sustainably and hence by supervising and describing on the results around the universe this feeds back into the planning procedure and is bound to make common visions for our metropoliss and the manner authoritiess ( and hopefully communities and concerns ) go about accomplishing them.Common Visions for Sustainable DevelopmentOver the past 30 old ages, since our focal point has turn towards sustainability, common visions and ends for metropoliss across the universe are playing out as we face similar quandaries. In his reappraisal of sustainable urban development in 1998 Wheeler highlighted nine chief waies for be aftering to accomplish the development of sustainable metropoliss ( 2007 ) . These, along with short descriptions, are listed in table 3 below. A major recurrent subject is the demand to switch our dependence on auto transit to more sustainable signifiers of conveyance ( i.e. trains, coachs, bikes ) in the a ttempt to cut down its impacts such as air pollution, urban conurbation, low quality of life, and demand on natural resources ( i.e. fuel ) . This and the vision of resource decrease, as seen from a personal point of position, would hold to be the hardest to accomplish. This is merely because personal transit and resources ( i.e. engineering, communications, mundane merchandises – the list is eternal! ) are so entwined in the economic system ( i.e. movement/production of goods ) and human thoughts of freedom and leisure that these extenuate the motive for alteration. Table 3. Common Visions for Sustainable Cities ( Reproduced from Wheeler 2007 ) Compact, Efficient Land Use – In built-up countries expeditiously use land and do infinites more green, safe, attractive, and livable ; continue farm land, ecological home grounds, and unfastened infinites near metropoliss. Less Car Use, Better Access – Reduce the demand for auto transit ( i.e. to work ) by constructing up public transit and entree ; making urban small towns where services and employment are in close propinquity to places ; cater environment for bikes and paseos ; increase pricing related to auto transit ( i.e. parking, fuel, enrollment fees ) Efficient Resource Use, Less Pollution and Waste – Greater focal point on resources which are reclaimable and reclaimable ; enterprises and inducements to cut down resource ingestion ( i.e. electricity, H2O ) ; increase pricing related to resource ingestion ( i.e. electricity ) Restoration of Natural Systems – reconstructing natural land and waterways to supply corridors and home grounds for wildlife and opens infinites for people to reconnect with the environment ; reconstruct bing urban Parkss and unfastened infinites ; urban horticulture to turn nutrient and workss ; reclaim abandoned land for ecological Restoration and human activities to reconstruct wellness Good Housing And Living Environments – purpose to supply low-cost lodging and design and restore houses and vicinities to give people easy accessible services, installations, and recreational and cultural infinites A Healthy Social Ecology – reduce/eliminate homelessness ; address entrenched societal jobs which are impacting on quality of life ( i.e. racism ) ; enhance community, chances, and authorization for groups to accomplish equity and justness. Sustainable Economics – an economic system that helps to reconstruct the environment and societal harm and prevent future harm ; provides valuable employment and invests locally ( i.e. local green goods ) ; economic sector move towards renewable resources and puting in new sustainable engineerings and merchandises ( i.e. intercrossed autos ) . Community Participation And Involvement – create a more functional local and regional democracy which promotes community engagement and engagement in decision-making Preservation Of Local Culture And Wisdom – through encouragement of traditional trades, linguistic communications, rites, cultural patterns, and edifice techniques ; protect local merchandises from mass-produced imports ; protect local farming area and resource stocks ; integrate architecture and stuffs into local development. A good beginning to exemplify how Australia is be aftering for sustainable development is the Brisbane City Council ‘s Brisbane City Centre Master Plan 2006 which outlines the strategic way and model for the development of Brisbane to the twelvemonth 2026. The program ‘s highlighted issues and schemes are enveloped under the three focal point of sustainable development: design and environment, people and civilization ( i.e. societal ) , and economic sciences and concern ( Brisbane City Council 2006 ) . Figure 3 below illustrates the model of the maestro program.Figure 3. The Brisbane City Centre Master Plan Framework( Brisbane City Council 2006, p. 17 ) As a metropolis Brisbane ‘s population is expected to hold increased by 70 % in the twelvemonth 2026 ( Brisbane City Council 2006 ) . The vision for Brisbane metropolis is for a compact ( high-density ) metropolis based around the river which: has: green and unfastened infinites for diversion and assemblage ; provides chances for creativeness ; provides life, working, and leisure demands for a multi-cultural society ; preserves the metropolis ‘s cultural and heritage ; provides each entree and mobility for all types of motion and conveyance ( i.e. bicyclers, vehicles ) ; is an economically comfortable metropolis ( i.e. concern, touristry, instruction ) ; and provides a safe environment ( Brisbane City Council 2006 ) . Interestingly there are societal and economic schemes outlined in the papers but no expressed mention to an environmental scheme other than the ‘built environment ‘ scheme which involves the design and development of constructions. Alternatively mentions to ‘sustainable ‘ patterns affecting the environment are spread throughout the program such as: sustainable edifices and public infinites, air emanations, biodiversity resources, and ‘adopting sustainable resource patterns in relation to stuffs, energy, and H2O efficiency ‘ ( Brisbane City Council 2006, p.19 ) . The Brisbane City Centre Master Plan 2006 high spots widespread arguments and concerns that all the declarations for sustainable development are no more than canonized lip-service as societal and economic factors still hold precedence over protecting our environment. Furthermore, it is questioned whether the execution of policies which are geared towards sustainable development are taking topographic point ( Pacione 2007, Wackernagel & A ; Rees 1996 ) . There is no easy reply, it may be that societal and economic sustainability require more focal point to work towards long-run environmental sustainability. Plans for the sustainable development of our metropoliss surround visions crossing from anyplace between 5 to 50 old ages into the hereafter and are invariably reviewed in visible radiation of new precedences. It will take clip to alter our society so we are willing to take on the duty, to accomplish a balance between human wellbeing and equity, economic stableness, and caring for the environment that sustains our life and that of other species. Barriers to alter besides have to be explored such as unfairness of groups ( i.e. hapless versus wealthy ) in their capacity for sustainable patterns and the restrictions of political dockets. However, these alterations may non be plenty if we have gone excessively far to retrieve a sustainable environment and drastic alternate solutions, such as engineering and scientific discipline, may be the hereafter planning for sustainable metropoliss.DecisionSustainable Development is a planning attack which aims to accomplish sustainable metropoliss by striking a balance between the precedences of societal equity, economic prosperity, and the protection of the environment ( Campbell 1996 ) . This attack has been endorsed by internationally administrations ( WCED, UN ) and states across the universe which have incorporated the rules of sustainable development into their national, regional, and local dockets, Acts of the Apostless, and metropolis programs. In audience with cardinal stakeholders the Australian authorities developed their ain ‘ecological sustainable development ‘ ( ESD ) national scheme as a model for authoritiess, concerns, industries, and communities to steer their policy development and determination devising towards guaranting sustainable development in Australian ( DoEH 1992 ) . The rules of sustainable development have besides found their manner into legion Acts of the Apostless including the Sustainable Planning Act 2009 ( Department of Infrastructure and Planning 2009a ) which guides planning in Queensland to guarantee local, regional, and province planning is integrated together through collaborative partnerships ( Department of Infrastructure and Planning 2009b ) . The United Nation ‘s Local Agenda 21 plan is besides an internationally critical tool to steer local authoritiess to develop of policies, action programs, and enterprises for their metropoliss and the surrounding parts ( Cotter and Hannan 1999 ) . Furthermore, through appraisal and coverage of the results of execution of sustainable programs, metropoliss around the Earth can use this information to steer their ain programs for sustainable development relevant to their country. Common sustainable development visions include: compact and efficient land usage ; reduced dependence on auto transit and better entree to promote alternate signifiers of conveyance ; reduced resource ingestion ; ecological Restoration ; low-cost lodging and better life environments ; societal equity and justness ; sustainable economic system ; community engagement and engagement in decision-making ; and the saving of local civilization and cognition. However, when reexamining a local program ( Brisbane City ) there is grounds that in Australia economic growing and making healthy communities and taking precedency over saving of our environment. This illustration challenges whether all the declarations, dockets, and programs for sustainable development are really being implemented, particularly in relation to the environment. There is no uncertainty that accomplishing a balance between the three constituents of sustainable development is hard as precedences are conflicting and barriers to execution are present. A thorough appraisal of the barriers to sustainable development would be beneficially so these can be addressed, in every bit much as they can, and considered in future planning towards sustainable metropoliss. It may be that new engineerings and scientific discipline will supply the chance by which these struggles and barriers are overcome and worlds begin to populate in harmoniousness with their environment.

100 Reasons To Focus On Blog Readabilityâ€Not Traffic

100 Reasons To Focus On Blog Readability- Not Traffic The purpose of content marketing isnt to increase blog traffic. Yet here we are, focusing on things like  getting more social shares  or growing our email list- things that have numbers we can measure.  In the midst of all of this focus on growth, we missed on  something incredibly important: How do we get people to read our content? Youd be surprised at how much money and effort youre putting into content that isnt being read. 100 Reasons To Focus On Blog Readability- Not Traffic via @JulieNeidlingerWhy People Arent Reading Online Content Lets put a number on it: Less than half of your blog readers actually read past 100 words. Thats 100 reasons you should focus on creating content that keeps readers interested in your entire blog post. Thats a real bummer if youre writing long-form blog posts of 2,000 words or more. In 2013, Slate author Farhad Manjoo wrote an article about how people don’t read online content. Manjoo asked a data scientist to analyze Slate’s traffic, and discovered that online readers have a dismal ability to focus. By the time readers scroll to the 100-word mark, half of them have decided to leave, though some will share the partially-read post on their way out the door. Less than half of your #blog readers read past 100 words. Heres how to fix that.Manjoo, a writer, was bothered. He noted the poor connection between shares and blog readership. Lots of social action didn’t mean deep reading, and content that was fully read didn’t always generate many tweets. Manjoo’s article was shared an impressive 13,000 times, with a majority of those shares, if the research was correct, from people who didn’t read past a few introductory paragraphs. Like Slate, you put time and money into creating great content. You assume that if it was shared, it was (mostly) read. Wrong. There is a lack of blog readership happening that those sharing numbers can’t measure. You can stop reading now if you don’t care if anyone reads your content. Banner blindness and desensitization When the web was new, maybe readers noticed banner images. This is no longer the case, however. It’s called banner blindness, and it means that repeated exposure to banner images and other marketing techniques have left readers desensitized. Even if a banner graphic or pop-up modal is important, you’ve unwittingly used a form that your reader has been trained to ignore and skip. How bad is this ability to ignore? According to HubSpot, the average clickthrough rate of display ads is 0.1%, with half of those being accidental. Readers are learning to tune things out, and this includes your content. Your best work, your most clever copy, your beautifully designed ad. Unnoticed. There is so much content marketing spilling over the dam that readers, in doing everything they can to maintain focus, have learned to block out what they think isn’t important- just like they learned to ignore banner ads. To cope with all of the content, readers default to skimming and skipping. Elmore Leonard and the skippable parts In his 10 Rules Of Writing, author Elmore Leonard ended his list with this: Try to leave out the part that readers tend to skip. Leonard understood how people read books, whizzing by solid paragraphs of purple prose to get to the dialogue. The dialogue, after all, is where the characters develop, where they interact, where the action happens. Try to leave out the part that readers tend to skip. - Elmore Leonard How do people read online? They read just as Leonard warned us about. They skip what they think is unimportant. They skim until they see something interesting. According to Tony Haile, CEO of Chartbeat (the same company that Slate used for data analytics) 55 percent of online readers spend less than 15 seconds on a page. Why aren’t they reading the whole thing? People are reading under time constraints. They are reading in hyperspeed. A bulleted list tells them that they can grab information quickly. Paragraphs that have more than one idea won’t fly. Every paragraph’s first sentence must be a lede. They don’t have time to read a lot of copy. They’re busy looking for something to share, not a meaty thesis that they have to think about. People are only reading what they think is relevant. Researcher Jakob Nielsen found that readers are skimming first, deciding whether or not there are enough indicators that tell them to read. They want to see keywords highlighted through the copy, whether as subheaders, bold text, or color. They don’t want to see clever subheadings. People want the conclusion first. They warm to the inverted pyramid style of writing that is familiar to journalists, laying out the conclusion first. 80 percent of a reader’s time is spent â€Å"above the fold†, i.e. before they have to start scrolling. Everything important has to be at the top. People don’t have time for snake oil. Readers look for cues that you and your copy can be trusted. They don’t like marketese (â€Å"best ever!†), and they want to see outbound links. In essence, skippable parts are the author’s vanity at the expense of readers’ time. Your content must be built for skimming. Unfortunately, content marketers are busy creating long-form posts because search engines seem to prefer them, according to Neil Patel of QuickSprout. They compound this insult using questionable graphics and call-to-action techniques because the analytics â€Å"prove† that this works. This is a problem. With the explosion of content marketing techniques that are built for  traffic hits and analytics rather than readers, we have trained our readers to ignore our content. Have we trained our readers to ignore #contentmarketing like they ignore banner ads?There is less and less leeway when it comes to getting  your content noticed in a crowded arena with weary and unwilling readers. It’s do-or-die within in a few seconds.  It has to happen in 100 words. How To Get People To Read Your Content Nielsen’s research suggests that only 20 percent of your web copy is read. How do you feel about that? You probably hoped for a better return on your financial and time investment. Your introductions really do matter. Introductions start with the hook- that matters. You have to avoid the initial bounce of readers who click in and out in an instant. But past the hook? Your first 100 words are important. Write headings that tell what the content is about. People are skimming the internet, so be sure your headings and subheadings are clear. Avoid vague headlines. That way, if someone is skimming, they know what your content is about and whether or not it's worth their time to read. If they determine it isn't worth their time... You have to let some readers go. Not everyone wants to read every piece of content you create. Perhaps a  team blog has a leg up on solo blogs in that having a team of bloggers with different writing styles  and topic ideas  means you'll have a good mix of content. Some content is a hit, some is a miss, and some topics your regular readers don't care about. That's fine. You must make your content fit how people want to use it. You may wish to write 5,000-word blog posts, but your readers may only want cursory coverage. Bend your content to fit how it will be consumed. Not getting comments? Not getting much discussion on content toward the end of a long post? Readers not sharing s from the end of your posts? Then maybe your readers want shorter posts. Stop fixating on clicks, hits, and conversions. What happens after the click is as important. Medium.com understood this from the beginning, and chose to measure how much a piece of content is read versus whether someone clicked through to it. This is your takeaway: readers use your content how they want to, not how you want them to.

farmer and his wife essays

farmer and his wife essays A farmer and his wife The work that families are involved in, their economic circumstances and their personal relationships are central to both stories, no matter what culture those people belong to. Money sometimes can be a seed of evil, bring only injustice, conflict or dissatisfaction for someone; however, sometimes money dose mean everything for someone. In this two stories, some people reflect on a lifetime of work and the changes in their lives, others have to face unemployment and ethical decision that they have done. Furthermore, after reading two stories, I can appreciate common things about money, work and land in both stories. A farmer and his wife is one of the best stories I have ever read before. It is quite interesting when I first read through the whole story. The husband and his wife, 2 main characters, with the totally different personalities, but lived together since they were around 18 of their age. Everything has been significantly changed in the last several decades of their life, except their personalities, they still keep their characters, even they try to change it, but it seems impossible. For the wife, who is the only daughter in her family, inherited her parents gifts, a large fields with more than three centuries history. To her, money and work have the special meaning. In order to find a good job, her children leave her alone, and go to somewhere to earn their lives. She can understand that, because she wants her children having a good life. However, She is also concerned that her children would never come back, and she is really upset when she heard that one of her daughter became a prostitute. But she just pretend she did not know that, cause she knew that her daughter need that job to survive, even it was a shame to her. However, what was the key thing she was concerned was that all of her children despite their long absence and shortcoming, even they post ...