Thursday, August 27, 2020

The Impact of Globalization on Labour Markets with a Focus on the Gulf Dissertation

The Impact of Globalization on Labor Markets with a Focus on the Gulf Area - Dissertation Example Introduction and Analysis of Data - - - p.39 6. Degree and Limitations - - - - p.57 7. Outline and Conclusions - - - - p.58 The effect of globalization on work markets with an emphasis on the Gulf zone including Saudi Arabia Introduction Statement of the difficult Labor is a significant part of the financial texture of a general public, the other significant segments being, capital, showcase, and the express that screens them (Jessop, 2002, p.11). Jessop (2002) has additionally approached to remind the significant reality that there are likewise â€Å"non-advertise systems of different kind† that have a task to carry out in the between connections between these four segments. Also, any investigation of any of the parts included has been getting progressively unpredictable with regards to globalization. This is so in light of the fact that globalization is strategically, socially, monetarily and socially redrawing national limits. Jessop (2002) has depicted the essential reason for the multifaceted nature of globalization as a social wonder in the accompanying lines: â€Å"As capital amassing develops an undeniably worldwide scale, its elements become all the more environmentally predominant in molding the general advancement of social frameworks and the life world† (p.11). ... Subjects which have a fundamental association with work yet ignored up to that point, went to the front after the arrangement of ILO. This likewise required another legitimate system to be worked also. Such themes include: Fundamental rights (opportunity of affiliation, aggregate bartering, balance in business), states of work, youngster work, assurance of ladies laborers, long stretches of work, work assessment, professional direction and preparing, government managed savings security and word related wellbeing and wellbeing (Craig and Lynk, 2006, p.19). From the above conversation, it tends to be seen that work, which is a social framework without anyone else, additionally won't go unaffected by its condition. What's more, work being a vital segment of the economy, it should have a nearby experience with globalization, which is for the most part the globalization of the economy. As indicated by International Labor Organization, two significant worries regarding work and globalizati on have now emerged how portability bestowed by globalization influences work across national limits, and â€Å"whether existing work foundations would be adequate to protect ...[the]...fundamental rights† of the trans-national vagrant workers (qtd. In Stalker, 2000, p.11 of the foreword). The down to earth approach to address these two concerns is by transforming work laws and this procedure has been going on by taking the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, which was â€Å"promulgated† in 1998 (Craig and Lynk, 2006, p.19). Some fascinating inquiries with regards to this setting can be, is work utilizing new correspondence advancements to solidify itself globally, is household and universal work laws truly being

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Garrick Theatre Essay Example For Students

The Garrick Theater Essay The arrangement of this play is under a proscenium curve and as this is a Victorian venue the draperies ascend as opposed to heading off to each side. Particularly for this creation there is an additional piece of stage at the front with wound, bowed sections of flooring with a snare entryway in. The twisted planks of flooring speak to the harm from bombs as outside is set during the 1940s. Toward one side of the additional piece of stage there is a telephone box, this is utilized for the characters to use rather than in the house. At the opposite finish of the phase there is a world war two radio, the young man utilizes this to change the temperament of the music all through the play. A cyclorama encompasses the rear of the stage, it is a screen at the back which is in a semi-hover and on it mists are painted, behind it there are lights which change the temperament and time of day of the creation, this is reflected by the mirrors either side of the cyclorama which add profundity to the stage. The primary bit of the stage is the house wherein the Birlings live it appears to have emerged starting from the earliest stage, the greater part of the move doesn't make place there however on the cobbled road beneath close to a good old light post. There are gaps in the set floor which appear as if bombs have be dropped down and at the rear of the phase there is a little house which gives the set some point of view. We will compose a custom paper on The Garrick Theater explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now All through the creation the set goes however changes. One of which is the Birlings house spilling and everything dropping out of it, this is representative of the disintegrating of their firm consistent life, this happens when the family discovers that Eric, the child, got Daisy Renton pregnant. Inevitably the house repositions itself into an upstanding position, this happens when Mr. Birling gets off the telephone to the medical caretakers station and discovers that nobody ended it all that night thus the house returning represents their life returning to ordinary yet it will never be the equivalent. Another change that the set goes however is that it downpours. This occurs at the absolute starting point and on and off all through the play for the most part at dismal or emotional occasions, for instance it happens when the monitor leaves which was sensational in light of the fact that the Birlings were left to get the pieces and attempt to assemble their life back and it started to rain. The house and the individuals in the play are set in 1912, yet the road and the quiet characters are good to go during the 1940s, which is the point at which this play was composed. I believe that the chief did this since he needed to show that the multiple times resembled a miss-coordinate as was the family as they all had concealed insider facts. In the play there are unscripted, or quiet characters. There are a wide range of types and times of individuals, for example, Edna the servant, a young man and a few grown-ups wearing channel coats. These characters show up all through the play, for example, at the absolute starting point the little youngsters are seen rising up out of the snare entryway, and Edna the servant is in front of an audience the entire time giving covers and beverages to the Birlings. The chief utilized these characters to represent others influenced by the Birling familys activities towards Eva Smith who ended it all. For instance the young man could speak to the unborn kid that passed on account of their activities and Edna could be Eva on the off chance that she had lived to a mature age. In the play Edna is by all accounts expecting assessor Goole in light of the fact that she has a beverage prepared for him when he shows up and takes his jacket, she doesn't welcome him in any case and she doesnt appea r to be amazed at all to see him, which gives the feeling that Edna realized he was coming. .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .postImageUrl , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:hover , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:visited , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:active { border:0!important; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:active , .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae4 34215840338651 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u972e92fe14ff59aae434215840338651:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Treasure In The Forest composed EssayEdna doesnt go into the house since one of the topics of this creation is about social class and Edna being a lower class than the Birlings isn't permitted into the house. This is a case of social duty and the one that Edna has towards her bosses. As the reviewer asks the Birlings inquiries Edna has no responses towards what loathsome things they have done and stays nonjudgmental about the Birlings and what they have done, she carries out her responsibilities like giving them beverages and enclosing them by covers when they are cold. She does this since it is her social duty to do what she is utilized to do so she stays inside her social class and regards the privileged societies. The young man springs up all through the play and is there to remind the crowd that there are results to activities as he represents the unborn offspring of Eva Smith. The reviewer appears to think about him as he gives him his cap and pats him on the head as if he were his dad or some other connection to the kid. He is connected with Goole in light of the fact that Goole is recounting to the disastrous story of Eva Smith and the kid represents what happened due to her demise, and in view of the activities of the Birling family. Goole is by all accounts attempting to legitimize the young men passing. At the point when investigator Goole first shows up he catches the crowds eye by parting with nothing about what his identity is and just stands there drinking from the glass that Edna gave him. The crowd wonder who this outsider is he just keeps them in anticipation. He additionally interfaces with the young man and you wonder whether they know one another or he is only a urchin off the road who he had compassion for and gave an orange to him. The overseer welcomes the family on to the road to address them, this had the impact that the Birlings had the option to connect with the crowd and you had the option to feel just as you were a piece of the activity. This additionally made the feeling that the investigator had command over the family and that he is in power. To all the relatives, Mrs. Birling, Shelia Birling, Gerald croft, Mr. Birling, and Eric Birling, the auditor utilizes various habits to the manner in which he cross examines them. At the point when he addresses them he has seems like he is progressively worried about ethics and what is good and bad then whether what they did was illicit or not. This is one reason and insights that you get all through the play that he is definitely not an ordinary cop. Something else is that the impression the crowd gets of him is that he knows everything as of now however he allows the Birlings to admit and acknowledge that they weren't right this additionally isn't the ordinary conduct of a controller. The examiner is rough, inconsiderate and resolved to show that they caused this lady, Eva Smith, to end it all, to every one of them he is apathetic until the end were he shows his resentment at there self-centeredness. It is felt that the controller depends on the creators, J.B Priestly, ethics and social standards. This play has many covered up and clear messages about ethics, rank, and the issues in the public arena its self. As I saw the play the message that broke through to me more than anything was, there can be critical outcomes from causes that appear to be good for nothing, this message despite everything has significance to todays society since individuals are as yet the equivalent we despite everything get things done before we think about the results and what influence they will have on different people. This message and the sky is the limit from there, for example, social duty, despite everything have importance fifty years after Priestly composed the play since they are about human instinct and that hasnt changed and never will.

South African universities trail other BRICS free essay sample

[vc_row][vc_column][stm_post_info css=.vc_custom_1437111129257{margin-base: 0px !important;}][vc_column_text]Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elites. Nulla convallis egestas rhoncusa. Donec lorem facilisis fermentum sem, air conditioning viverra risk luctus vel. Donec vel mauris quam Proin vestibulum leo eget erat congue interdum. Suspendisse nunc ligula, suscipit vehicula consequat eu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut laboreso et dolore magna aliqua Ut enim promotion minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco Cras condimentum an elit eget sagittis. Ut dignissim sapien feugiat purus tristique, vitae aliquet arcu tempor. Nulla facilisi. Whole number maximus mi non nulla posuere consectetur. Phasellus erat lectus, ullamcorper nec erat vel, hendrerit urna. Curabitur ut tempor lacus. Vivamus mollis, elit vitae maximus imperdiet, nisi nulla fermentum nisi, sed luctus metus dolor air conditioning eros. Nulla cursus venenatis enim, vitae tincidunt justo vulputate a. Sed elementum elit ultrices earth elementum, et molestie nulla pharetra. We will compose a custom article test on South African colleges trail different BRICS or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page [/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=Unordered Ordered Lists font_container=tag:h3|text_align:left google_fonts=font_family:Montserrat%3Aregular%2C700|font_style:700%20bold%20regular%3A700%3Anormal][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][vc_column_text] Donec porta ultricies urna, faucibus magna dapibus. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo. Folutpat tempor tur duis mattis dapibus, felis amet. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][vc_column_text] Donec porta ultricies urna, faucibus magna dapibus. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo. Folutpat tempor tur duis mattis dapibus, felis amet. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]Donec porta ultricies urna, nec faucibus magna dapibus vel. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada acclaims air conditioning turpis egestas. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo.[/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][stm_post_tags][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][stm_share code=JTNDc3BhbiUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTI3c3RfZmFjZWJvb2tfbGFyZ2UlMjclMjBkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCUzRCUyNyUyNyUzRSUzQyUyRnNwYW4lM0UlMEElM0NzcGFuJTIwY2xhc3MlM0QlMjdzdF90d2l0dGVyX2xhcmdlJTI3JTIwZGlzcGxheVRleHQlM0QlMjclMjclM0UlM0MlMkZzcGFuJTNFJTBBJTNDc3BhbiUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTI3c3RfZ29vZ2xlcGx1c19sYXJnZSUyNyUyMGRpc3BsYXlUZXh0JTNEJTI3JTI3JTNFJTNDJTJGc3BhbiUzRSUwQSUzQ3NwYW4lMjBjbGFzcyUzRCUyN3N0X3NoYXJldGhpc19sYXJnZSUyNyUyMGRpc3BsYXlUZXh0JTNEJTI3JTI3JTNFJTNDJTJGc3BhbiUzRQ==][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][stm_post_author][stm_post_comments][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Friday, August 21, 2020

Sample Essays on Parcc

Sample Essays on ParccIf you need samples of essay questions on parcc, then you're in luck. I'm going to give you some examples of essay questions on parcc to give you some idea of how to go about this task.This first example is a simple one: The Question. You're going to need to look for a question like this, and then include your response in the body of the essay. So, for example, let's say that you're writing about a snowstorm. At the end of the paragraph you can include the question 'So, which of the following makes more sense, that all the snow melted by the end of the week or that only about 2% of the snow melted?'This second example could be slightly harder to understand, but it's ok. To explain, you're going to need to look for a sentence like this, and then include your response in the body of the essay. This is similar to how you would handle the previous example.Here's a third example: The Question. In this example, you're going to need to look for a question like this, an d then include your response in the body of the essay. Here's an example of a question that you might see:Let's say that you are walking through the woods and come across a bear. Your instinct is to run, but it's better to act to find out what type of bear you're dealing with. How should you act?Here's a slightly harder example: Another example: the Question. Now, in this example, you're going to need to look for a question like this, and then include your response in the body of the essay. Finally, here's a slightly harder example: Another example: As an example, here's how you would do the question in the second paragraph: The Question. So, when you're looking for sample essays on parcc, you need to check these examples out.The other things to remember when you're looking for sample essays on part is that you need to be able to answer the questions and statements in a way that is both grammatically correct and persuasive. Also, make sure that you have a strong focus on the point a nd highlight your thesis statement. If you don't know what the thesis statement is, I suggest you read the notes that you'll get after purchasing the book.

Using an Outline For Writing Essays in English

Using an Outline For Writing Essays in EnglishWhile writing essays in English, it is extremely important to come up with an outline of the essay. This gives you a starting point for the essay and you can then build it on from there. You need to come up with an outline that is specific to your essay. If you are not sure what the outline should be, the following guidelines can help you with your essays outline.The most common reason why people do not write essays in English is because they do not have a specific direction or style in mind. They go ahead and write them whatever comes to mind. This can lead to a variety of problems as far as grammar is concerned. That is, if you are not going to focus on a particular theme when writing your essay, then you can very easily end up getting a headache trying to figure out what the piece of work is actually saying. The best thing to do when you do not have a definite direction is to brainstorm about the theme that you want your essay to follo w.Also, if you are writing your essays in English, then you need to remember that English is a written language. Therefore, you need to write in English, because that is how people talk. You need to find ways to make sure that you are doing things in a way that is acceptable to the English culture. This is a big factor to writing your essays in English.Another reason why you need to have an outline is because you can use it as a guide while you are writing your essay. Some of the rules of grammar can be difficult to follow when you are writing your essays in English. However, using an outline can help you keep the tone consistent throughout your essay. If you end up straying away from the outline, then you will have a problem to fix it later. It is also much easier to write a paragraph of a sentence rather than a whole sentence, so having an outline will make this process much easier.In order to write an outline of your essays in English, you will need to think about how you want yo ur piece of work to be structured. If you think about it, an outline is much more specific than just jotting down ideas that come to mind. Themes can change over time, so it is a good idea to have a general plan on what you want your essay to be like. By coming up with an outline that is specific to your essay, you can then start thinking about what details you need to include in the piece of work.When you are writing an outline, you need to come up with a particular theme for your essay. Even if you are not sure where you want to go with your essay, the outline will help you figure out what general thoughts you want to express. An outline is also useful for you when you are writing your essay, because it will help you organize the information and make it easier to read. Most of the time, it will get a lot easier to write once you have an outline in place.While writing your essays in English, you need to be careful to follow the rules of grammar, because this is something that will be listed throughout the piece of work. If you start writing without any clear direction, you might end up with some problems later on. Therefore, you need to make sure that you always have an outline that is present in your writing.Writing an outline of your essays in English is a good idea for several reasons. You will find that it helps you to make your essays clearer and easier to read. By having an outline in place, you will be able to give yourself more time to write, which will allow you to come up with great essays!

Friday, July 3, 2020

The Best Writing Techniques Tips to Help you Write Better

At Freelancewithus.com, we’ve already covered many of the best writing techniques that freelance writers can use to maximize their earning potential and stay healthy while doing something they love—writing! In this article, we’ll give a few tried-and-true writing techniques for writers, as well as links to more in-depth articles. Best Writing Techniques: Outlines Ever get an assignment and wondered, â€Å"How am I gonna get this done?† It’s an anxiety that strikes fear into the heart of every freelancer. The antidote? Mentally work your way from the finished product to your starting point. As a mental exercise, start with the parameters of the article/project/story and try to envision what the finished article looks like. Will it have separate chapters? What’s the word count? Can you think of any steps that need to be performed before any other? If so, you’re on your way to an outline. Now, you don’t have to craft a written outline. Often, I’ll craft a mental outline for shorter pieces and see if that’s enough to get the job done. When I’m working on a longer piece that may require large-scale edits, like an ebook, then I find that a written outline is crucial to stay on point. After finishing a rough draft, you can refer to the outline. Does each step logically lead to the next, culminating in a satisfying conclusion? If not, you can focus on that rough spot and see if it improves the work. The outline keeps your writing on point. Avoid Perfection A  good plan, violently executed now, is better than a perfect  plan  next week. George S. Patton, WWII U.S. General A lot of novice writers tend to get hung up on how their writing will be perceived by others. This creates a perfectionist mindset that can be debilitating to their output. They are, in essence, scared to â€Å"put themselves out there.† The truth is that as freelance writers, we survive by our output. Even the most carefully-crafted sentence may come off as overwrought to the client’s editor. Over-preparation is another symptom of perfection. When we should be working, instead, we’re gathering more and more material until we feel â€Å"ready†. The only problem is that we’ll never be 100% ready. Like the Patton quote above, time is of the essence. Perfection is an inhibitor to hitting your deadlines and finding more assignments. Instead, be willing to settle for â€Å"good enough†. Remember, you can always revise when you have the time. Chances are that the work you submit won’t be 100% error-free anyways. If there are unrecognizable grammatical errors, plagiarism, or misinformation, then yes, you have cause for concern. But word-choice, tone, rhythm—these are jobs for the editor. Timing Yourself â€Å"You can’t manage what you can’t measure.† Peter Drucker, management author Here’s a question to ask yourself: Do you know how much time you spend on your assignments every week? If you don’t know, try cataloguing your time over the course of an assignment. It is important to get your times down as precise as you can during â€Å"working hours† and â€Å"not-working hours†. Then consider how much you are being paid for the assignment—what does that work out to be per-hour? It seems like simple math, but you’d be surprised how many freelancers don’t have a realistic expectation of their pay rate, ability, or the amount of time they actually spend on an assignment. Worse, it may be a bit shameful to admit that we are spending extra hours that are being lost to indulgences like checking social media or watching a cute cat video when we should be more disciplined. It turns out that a little math may be one of the best writing techniques out there†¦ For a more in-depth look at this subject, be sure to read our previous article, â€Å"How to Determine Your Rates as a Freelancer†. Delegation One of the best writing techniques you can learn is the art of delegation. By acting more as a boss or manager rather than a grunt worker, you can accomplish more work (and higher-paying work, too) with the assistance of other professionals. For a more in-depth look into how to best use others to accomplish your goals, read â€Å"The Guide to Subcontracting† And if you want to go the extra mile to see how your own clients are delegating assignments to you, be sure to read our article, â€Å"The Proper Care and Feeding of Clients†. Subconscious Writing Of all the best writing techniques out there, hiring your subconscious thoughts to do the heavy lifting is one of my favorites. And it’s one that can make your job as a writer almost effortless.  So, how do take advantage of your subconscious? When I am given a new assignment I often feel like the assignment is constantly being worked on even when Im not actively typing.  First, I find that right after being given an assignment, I feel a compulsion to do monotonous work or take a break  to pay attention to my health/well-being (i.e. go for a walk, stretch and work out, listen to an educational podcast, do household chores). While my body is engaged in the activity, the assignment automatically comes back to me in various forms. Hints related to how the assignment will be laid out or anxieties about it are also noted. If I feel that a lot of anxiety lies in a particular part of the assignment, then that’s where most of my work should be focused on. Like the previous writing technique in this article, â€Å"Envisioning with an End in Mind†, if I can’t think my way through the assignment, it may be time to jot down my subconscious thoughts into an outline. Learn from the Best Practically every published writer has their own theories on the best techniques for writers. As a writer, it is helpful to learn from the experts in their own words. However, remember that it is ultimately up to you as the writer to use their advice as you see fit. Does writing at 7am everyday seem too extreme for you? Ignore that and focus on the best writing techniques those authors have laid out below (you can also learn more about the best writing techniques used by the pros throughout the FWU website). For style, writers need to look no further that Strunk White’s â€Å"The Elements of Style† Prolific horror writer Stephen King has an entire book on his writing process called, appropriately enough, â€Å"On Writing†. As a contrast to this article’s content, King advocated that writers shouldn’t write from an outline, instead focusing on watching the story unravel in front of the writer as they type. This is something that FWU’s own PJ Aitken   (AKA David Jester) also advocates. But both note that this is something that gets easier the more you write and that outlines may be best for struggling, first-time authors. On the opposite end of the spectrum, controversial author Henry Miller’s book â€Å"On Writing† shows his own approach to writing, jotting down his works in a disjointed Venn Diagram before beginning to write. Now, is their advice contradictory? Of course, but that shows that even the experts don’t have a definitive answer to the best writing techniques for writers. However, they do all have one piece of advice in common: write, write, and don’t stop writing! No one ever got published by thinking about it!

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Cyber Bullying Bullying And Bullying - 899 Words

Teenagers and Cyber Bullying Stop Cyber Bullying for Good While teenagers are widely affected by bullying in person, the internet has widened the playing field. Cyber Bullying (and bullying in general) is done with the primary purpose of inflicting emotional distress on the victim. Much more of the cruel incidents will occur if the issue is not fixed. The thought of others not knowing who is doing the bullying could be the reason why teens find it more appealing to cyber bully. More and more teenagers are committing cyber bullying which shows a need for stiffer consequences for their actions. Teens are aware of the effects bullying causes and its consequences to others. As Jeff Chu stated in his article â€Å"You Wanna Take this Online?† â€Å"Technology has transformed the lives of teens, including the way they pick on one another.† Durant 2 A far more wide-ranging agenda should be to present teens with a responsibility act for them to follow. Adequate standards and treatment of others should be a part of every child’s education. â€Å"Making excuses for bullying will never resolve the issue (Chu18).† Teens should be taught that bullying in many forms, is a difficult situation to deal with and should not be organized. The effects it has on other’s lives can be detrimental. Bullying should be reported to an adult to resolve any issues that arise that can’t be resolved between teens themselves. Adults are aware teens will have disagreements and shouldShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† ha s evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louderà ¢â‚¬  has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassment

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Essay on Workplace Conflict - 736 Words

Workplace Conflicts between Team Members Conflict between team members will happen in the workplace because the fact that there will have an environment where decisions are made and personality clashes will occur. This doesn’t mean you have an unproductive workforce, it means you will have to be able to catch the problem early and know what to do with each individual case. People are going to disagree because they have different view points, different backgrounds and a different thought process, maybe even a different agenda for that project. People disagree for a number of reasons (De Bono, 1985). College graduates will be put into positions of uncertainty due to the lack of work history. This will in turn cause conflict, not knowing†¦show more content†¦Using a third party will introduce new scenarios that will promote new thought process and cause students to look at ways to stop conflict and see it coming. This helps in the way of making students know that convers ation and rationalization will resolve conflict instead of negativity (Freedman Adam, 1996). Several situations that cause conflict negatively and positively, here are a few: Ambiguous jurisdiction, unresolved prior conflicts, Differentiation in organization, Goal incompatibility and conflict of interest, (Filey (1975). There are a great deal of positive outcomes from conflict, it can bring individuals and groups closer together, open new avenues of thought processes that might have been overlooked. Some companies will create conflict within a group or team to observe a managers ability to handle the situation. This is a good method of gauging whether he or she can see the conflict coming and turn it into a constructive learning experience so all team members are positive. More managers are being put in these positions so they will know the right question to ask or be able to generate the correct situation to defuse the problem before it escalates into a non productive workforce. Teams also benefit from managers properly handling situations correctly, after awhile teams will pick up on downward spirals and turn the situations around. AllShow MoreRelatedConflict in the Workplace1641 Words   |  7 Pagesget along on a daily basis. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace. Conflict is a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Conflict is a fact of life. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different in every different workplace. Conflict is a job not easily handled, and it can be really destructive if not properly taken care of. The Webster’s Dictionary (2001) defines conflict as a battle; clash; or a disagreement of ideas,Read MoreWorkplace Conflict Is A Specific Type Of Conflict1585 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace conflict is a specific type of conflict that occurs in the workplace. According to Cloke and Goldsmith, â€Å"Most executives, managers, and employees face conflicts on a daily or weekly basis, spending from 20 percent to as much as 80 percent of their working hours trying to resolve or contain them† (Cloke Goldsmith, 2011). It is an inevitable part of our workday life that can be caused by many factors, such as different values, beliefs, opinions, and points of view. It can create a greatRead MoreConflict in the Workplace675 Words   |  3 PagesConflict in the Workplace Introduction The business world is highly competitive from every perspective; competition for office space, virtual space, markets, customers, clients and with colleagues. It is the responsibility of people working together in their day to day business transactions to have finely tuned interpersonal skills, knowledge and experience to ensure that they achieve the best possible outcomes for themselves and their employers. In environments such as these, conflicts, argumentsRead MoreConflict in the Workplace2269 Words   |  10 PagesWorkplace conflict is a specific type conflict that occurs in the workplace. Conflict can arise anywhere, anytime, by any given person. Workplaces are already stressful enough before conflict contributes to its share of stress. Long hours, hierarchical structure of the organization and unrealistic expectations are just a few of a dozen of factors that help shape the conflict that arises in the workplace. There are many different types of conflict that occur in the workplace. The five most commonRead MoreWhat Are The Major Causes Of Conflict And The Workplace? Is Conflict Always Negative?928 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor causes of conflict in the workplace? Is conflict always negative? Explain your position. What are some effective ways of preventing destructive conflict in the workplace? When you are trying to negotiate a workplace conflict through to a win-win solution, what steps do you follow? What pitfalls do you need to avoid? Explain. The workplace is an environment that can be a source of conflict. In the workplace environment it is important to realize the causes of conflicts, effective waysRead MoreConflicts Within The Workplace Conflict1405 Words   |  6 PagesWhile conflict is a part of social relationships, there are many conflicts that are escalated beyond the normal day-to-day interactive conflicts. Day-to-day interactive conflicts such as disagreeing about what to cook for dinner or when to mow the lawn are inevitable and for the most part, relatively easy to negotiate. However, more serious conflicts arise during the course of daily living as well: in which religion to raise children if parents come from differing ideological backgrounds or how muchRead MoreConflict Resolution And Resolving Workplace Conflicts1304 Words   |  6 Pages Conflict Resolution Conflicts are inevitable. It is necessary for the advanced practice nurse to have skills in approaching conflicts, negotiations, and resolutions (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, Grady, 2014). According to Hamric et al. (2014), you do not have to feel pressured to instantly agree with other teammates; however, be respectful and listen intently and identify what you are able to offer to the team. Conflicts occur because of the different points of view. They can also happen becauseRead MoreConflict Resolution Within The Workplace1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmethods to address conflict resolution within the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to discuss specific techniques and tools to resolve conflict within the workplace. A description of a workplace conflict at my current place of employment will be provided. The impact that cultural norms may have on conflict will be briefly considered. Additionally, the impact that conflict has on leadership’s decision making will be addressed. In discussing resolution of this particular conflict, specific techniquesRead MoreConflict Management in the Workplace1136 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Learning Team A: Dana Stinson, Timothy Bird, Sterling Richards, Diana Loutensock LDR/531 October 5, 2010 Richard Hartley, M.A. Conflict Management Training Program Our consulting firm, Conflict Professionals, specializes in training all levels of managers (executive, mid- and entry-level) in the art of managing conflict within their teams and organizations. What is conflict and how does it arise? Typically, it occurs when two or more people oppose one another becauseRead MoreWorkplace Conflicts And Conflict Management Styles2734 Words   |  11 Pages Workplace Conflicts and Conflict Management Styles Greg Jefia MBA 5213 Dr. Edwards December 12, 2014 â€Æ' Introduction Conflicts in the workplace and interpersonal relationship are inevitable. Organizational conflict is common in the workplace because people always have divergent views on various issues, interests, ideologies, goals, and aspirations (Deutsch, 1990). Conflict exists in all kinds of environments because people compete for power, jobs, resources, security and recognition. People who

Friday, May 15, 2020

In This Study, A Total Of 109 Participants Varying In Age

In this study, a total of 109 participants varying in age and sex were investigated. Initially, six participants were recruited by email sent out individually by students of the University of Michigan Research Methods class. In this email included an introductory paragraph asking subjects to take part in survey, a link to the website Qualtrics that contained the survey and most importantly it asked the subjects to forward this message to at least one other person in hopes to recruit more people to become a part of the study. There was no compensation or incentivizes for the completion of the survey. Out of the 109 participants, 14 individuals did not full complete their surveys and therefore has been removed from the study for the sake of†¦show more content†¦One attribute that we measured in this study was the participant’s tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitions endeavors using the Need for cognition Short form survey (Petty et. al, 1984). In this surve y participants indicated the extent to which they endorse each statement using a Likert-type scale. This scale consists of 18 items on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (extremely characteristic) to 5 (extremely uncharacteristic). (Petty et. al, 1984) In the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) (Glick Fiske, 1996), two positively correlated components of sexism: sexist antipathy or Hostile Sexism (HS) and a subjectively positive orientation toward women or Benevolent Sexism are used to predict subject’s ambivalent attitudes toward women (Glick Fiske, 1996). This scale consists of 12 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (Disagree strongly) to 5 (Agree strongly). Using this scale, participants were able to indicate their level of agreement to each statement presented. Furthermore, in order to measure the BIG-FIVE personality dimensions, participants completed the Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI) (Gosling at. al, 2003). This survey scale consists of 10 items on a 7 -point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (agree strongly) to 7 (Disagree strongly). This survey measured the extent to which subjects agreed to each statement dealing with their personalities such as if they considered themselves â€Å"Reserved, quiet† and etc. InShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Connecting Mind, Research, And Everyday Experience882 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience the author explores the topic of attention as it relates to the study of cognitive science. Providing an overview of the contemporary theories on information procession, the author examines attention and presents scenarios where research has influenced legislation. One of these examples relates to the study of overt and covert attention and how divided attention works. By using the analogy of driving a car, the author dissects the manyRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : The Most Common Form Of Diabetes Affecting Many Individuals Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes is considered as the most common form of diabetes affecting many individuals. This is a condition that is associated with a high buildup of sugar content in the blood stream. It is accompanied by symptoms such as constant hunger, fatigue, lack of energy and frequent urination. At milder levels, the symptoms become severe and lead to the death of an individual. In the United States, it has been rated as one of the leading causes of death. Importantly, it also increases the rate ofRead MoreThe Population Keeps Aging, Alzheimer s Disease ( Ad )1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the patients. Since Fuld et al.(1990) s study suggesting that the examination of cognitive functioning in non demented older adults is predictive of prospective dementia, countless studies have attempted to devise reliable methods of detecting cognitive changes and risk factors in preclinical populations. Family history of a first degree relative with AD (+FH) has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of AD (Fratiglioni 1993) and studies have confirmed that pathological changes relatedRead MoreEffectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Individuals Experiencing Auditory Hallucinations2468 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Review Summary This paper reviews two studies on the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations. The first study (Newton, Larkin, Melhuish, Wykes, 2007) aims to elicit the positive and negative aspects of group CBT treatment by listening to the perspectives of young people undergoing such treatment. The second study (Penn et al. 2009) seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of group CBT for auditory hallucinations comparedRead More Television Violence and Domestic Violence Essay2548 Words   |  11 Pagesabout adolescent exposure. We compared and contrasted the differing effects of both and implemented a study to analyze the similarities. We observed children and gathered data regarding their response to specific kinds of violence and the psychological effects of each. We expected that the effects of television violence and domestic would be strikingly similar to one another and the results of our study prove the similarities and pr ovoke awareness to the differences. Television Violence and DomesticRead MoreA Correlation Between the Corpus Callosum and quot;developmental Language Disordersquot;3221 Words   |  13 PagesA correlation between the corpus callosum and developmental language disorders Abstract: Various types of language disorders affect a considerable amount of children academically and socially worldwide. This article focuses on developmental language disorders (DLD) caused by central auditory processing disorders (CAPD). A CAPD is defined as showing difficulties discriminating, identifying and retaining sounds after the ears have heard the sounds. Both language and auditory are processedRead MoreThe Time Of Early Human Civilization3258 Words   |  14 Pagestime period of 2000 B.C. to 1800 A.D. (2010), ancient Babylonian and Sumerian codes began the model of creating a practice where criminals would be punished for their wrong doings. One of the earliest philosophies of this ancient time was the term Lex talionis or an eye for an eye. This practice is based on the criminal punishment idea of retribution, which means that a criminal deserves to be punished based on the crime committed. As time progressed, new ways of thinking emerged and eventually crimeRead More Viewer s Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay6162 Words   |  25 Pages This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism; however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programsRead MorePrevention of Falls in Hospitalized Older Adults Essay2938 Words   |  12 Pagesfalls for older people in Australia, Canada, UK and Northern Ireland range from 1.6 to 3.0 per 10 000 population (WHO 2012). The prevalence of senior citizen’s falls in acute care settings varies widely and the danger of falling rises with escalating age or frailty. Falls of hospitalized older adults are one of the major patient safety issues in terms of morbidity, mortality, and decreased socialization (Swartzell et al. 2013). Because the multi-etiological factors contribute to the incidence and severityRead MoreThe Program For Homeless Veterans5756 Words   |  24 PagesIn January 2014, approximately 49,933 American veterans were homeless on a given night. This number represents approximately 11% of the entire homeless adult population in the United States. Of those homeless veterans, 64% were reported to be sleeping in an emergency shelter or transitional housing and 36% were living on the streets or other places not meant for human habitation. Today, the federal government has many programs targeted to end veteran’s homelessness; however, the Department of

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Far Cry from Where We Want to Be but Were on the Right Path

With less than one year and seven months left to achieve their goals, can the ‘United Nations Millennium Campaign’ be considered a success? In September 2000, with the new millennium coming to an end, the ever looming reality of the serious issues, such as extreme poverty and hunger that had been plaguing third world countries and the less fortunate, had officially been brought to light and must be dealt with. These issues were compiled and formed the basis of what is known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Eight goals that the United Nations Millennium Campaign have set out to achieve by 2015, which include; â€Å"Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, universal primary education, gender equality and female empowerment, the reduction of child mortality, the improvement of maternal health, fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other serious diseases, environmental sustainability and finally a global partnership for development†(SOURCE http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/index.htm). Fourteen years later, with just over a year left until the self-imposed deadline, the question is ‘Can the Millennium Development Goals be considered a success?’ I personally believe the MDGs to be a success in that, not only did they raise awareness and bring to light many serious issues that had made life in countries, such as those in Africa and other developing countries difficult or unbearable, less so; but they have implemented ways to remedy the problems that created unfair livingShow MoreRelatedShort Story1311 Words   |  6 Pagesdirections to where I was being taken. When I awoke dirty looks started to sprout, dirty looks aimed at me. It looked to me as if these guys had never seen a felon. Surprising given their line of work was stopping â€Å"people like me†. Maybe they were expecting me to apologize. ‘Oh! Sorry for corrupting this everlasting pandemonium you call a planet. May I go now?’ The thing is I’m not sorry. I did what I did knowing full well the consequences. I knew that this was one of the worse paths a person canRead MoreEssay on Life and Death in Poetry2090 Words   |  9 PagesLife and death are two things that we as humans must all face. The road from one to the other, from life to death, is a long and at times, both joyous and painful one. Robert Frost’s poems are a prime example of these times and trials. The poems I chose for this paper highlight them, and with Frost’s allegory, they present a sort of silver lining to the string of dark and dreary words he’s pieced together for these poems. The depressing tone to the poems â€Å"Acquainted with the Night†, â€Å"Nothing GoldRead MoreLooking for Alibrandi3765 Words   |  16 Pagesborn here so as far as the Italians were concerned we weren’t completely one of them. Yet because my grandparents were born in Italy we weren’t completely Australian.† (p. 7) â€Å"It makes me feel I will never be a part of their society and I hate that because I’m just as smart as they are.† (p. 8) â€Å"The room isn’t like the living rooms of my parents†¦ but I like it. Because my mother and I are stamped all over it.† (p. 10) â€Å"Telecom would go broke if it weren’t for the Italians.† (p. 11) â€Å"We tune into eachRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Happiness Hypothesis By Jonathan Haidt1883 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Happiness Hypothesis† by Jonathan Haidt is the first book Ive read of its kind, mostly because Ive been trying to feel my way through life so far one step at a time, and I will likely never forget it. There are things to be learned within this combination of ancient wisdom, research, and Haidts connection of it all, valuable lessons for approaching and understanding the human experience. Reading something like this young, and taking it with me throughout my life and comparing it to my ownRead MoreExistentialism : What Do You Choose? Essay2349 Words   |  10 Pagesto be the universe’s idea of some sort of sick joke against me. Ironically, we are studying existentialism. What a peculiar coincidence that I have to research for myself the topic of existentialism, while I feel as though I am going through an existential crisis as of right now. It felt as though I was transported into one of those cheesy high-school-esque movies that the Hollywood machine pumps out over and over; where the books in class read by the characters always seem to connect with whateverRead MoreThe Violence Of Black Lives2507 Words   |  11 Pagessometimes they abuse their power. Black Lives Matter specializes in drawing the public’s attention to this phenomenon. But before we bury the police under piles of restrictions, we should consider. What kinds of people are likely to end up on the force if it becomes a miserable, hyper-regulated job that nobody respects? By contrast, what sort of people do we need if we want to see crimes solved? Good detectives need to be smart, dedicated and tough. Black Lives Matter is hardly giving the police forceRead MoreThe Stranger3094 Words   |  13 Pagespoints, such as the freedom to choose and how the choices you make should be made without the assistance of another person or standard. From the existentialist point of view, you must accept the risk and responsibility of your choices and follow the act and result to wherever it takes the individual. Someone that is put in a certain situation understands it far more than someone looking in on that same situation; one commonly used situation that appears often in existentialist works is that of deathRead MoreFairy Tale Essay4782 Words   |  20 Pagestime ago in a far away land lived three brothers, Alexander, Eliot, and Janik. The brothers lived poorly with their old parents in a village named Augusta. One chilly evening, the boys father requested his s ons go out to gather firewood and search for berries. Alexander, the youngest, went on a search for twigs and branches as ordered, while Eliot and Janik ran ahead in a search for food. Five minutes from their home resides the nearest bakery, where Eliot and Janik stole bread from every day. Read More16.5 Light Novel - Sword Art Online4049 Words   |  17 Pagesâ€Å"†¦Kirito, hurry up and take your clothes off,† she said in an authoritative tone. â€Å"What†¦w-we’re continuing?† â€Å"It would be stupid if we stopped here!!† I hurriedly complied. Opening the window indicated by Asuna, I toggled off the option buried deep within the menu. Because of the hurried start, there was no romantic mood to speak of. Sitting on the bed which was slightly too small for the two of us, we slowly did as much as the system would allow. The dim blue moonlight filtered through theRead MoreFrank s And Walter White s Rejection Of Human Nature3666 Words   |  15 Pagesrelate to another individual and not feel so alone. This longing is often rectified through fictional characters. We are living in an anti-heroic age of television. Instead of tuning in every week to watch characters that possess strong moral codes and ethicalness, we have become increasingly devoted to those who do not. We long to find an escape from, not only reality, but sometimes from our own ethical structures. Yet, many of these characters dangerously deny all and every sense of morality and in

Analysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway - 2371 Words

Mrs. Dalloway is a novel that examines the world of sexuality and gender amongst the repressive social structure of post-war London through Clarissa and Septimus, two individuals who struggle with queer desires and socially constructed categories of gender. The novel’s title suggests the inescapable structure that Clarissa in particular is bound to regarding the status and assumptions of what it means to be a woman. The particular sets of choices both Clarissa and Septimus make reveal a tumultuous outcome that speaks volumes about socially constructed ideologies and expectations and the negative effects it bears on individuals. The subject of sexual fluidity and gender roles is a contentious point of debate that Woolf bravely addresses primarily through Clarissa and Septimus. These two individuals undergo very different experiences, yet both must ultimately deal with psychological turmoil as a result of society’s outlook on queer desires and the demands to adhere to con structed identities of masculinity and femininity. Clarissa’s character is already subjected to the patriarchal expectations of women before the novel even begins. The title, Mrs. Dalloway, does not provide her first name, but the surname of a man she has married and implies that Clarissa has no autonomy outside of her duty as a wife and that her existence is dependent on her position in marriage. In choosing this particular title, Woolf is drawing attention to the problems of gender and asking the reader toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature October 2, 2016 Signature Assignment: Mrs. Dalloway In Virginia Woolf’s book Mrs. Dalloway, she describes the different social class rankings in the 1920s and her characters are compared and contrast during this time. In this time period, class was based on your social upbringing and how you made a living. Clarissa is described as an upper class woman, who is high in society and is married to a wealthy man, Richard Dalloway. She is seen in society, as a woman who has a sense of expensiveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Mrs. Richard Dalloway 1446 Words   |  6 Pagesend of the novel, it is evident that Woolf uses the Septimus subplot in order to establish Clarissa and Septimus’ unified vision of an oppressive society, despite their opposing backgrounds and mental conditions. Clarissa, on one hand, chose the safe route. She married a well-off politician, and lives a materially satisfying lifestyle. However, she constantly questions her life choices and is plagued by self-doubt. She seems to have lost her sense of self, se eing herself simply as â€Å"Mrs. Richard Dalloway†Read MoreThematic Analysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway And The Cannibalist Manifesto `` By Oswald De Andrade1471 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom various genres of literature with a self-conscious break with the conventional way of writing in prose, plays, and poetry. The major modernist works of Samuel Beckett’s, â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† poem by T. S. Eliot â€Å"The Waste Land,† the novel â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway† by Virginia Woolf and â€Å"The Cannibalist Manifesto† by Oswald de Andrade, could present various themes that characterize the modernist literature including the absurd, alienation, and dislocation in society as it was seen and felt by the authorsRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an â₠¬Å"ordinary† or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ‘chapters’ in order to give an â€Å"ordinary† portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreEssay on The Hours by Michael Cunningham1456 Words   |  6 PagesIn his novel The Hours, Michael Cunningham creates a dazzling fabric of queer references managing to intertwine the lives of three different women into one smooth narrative. In this essay, I will discuss what makes The Hours queer literature, how the novel has contributed to the queer genre, the cultural significance of the novel, and I will discuss several points made in Jeanette McVicker’s critical article â€Å"Gaps and Absences in The Hours.† My aim, however, is not to say that Michael Cunningham’sRead MoreAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range ofRead MoreLondon of Mrs Dalloway1184 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Dalloway’s London When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford. --Samuel Johnson The early part of the Twentieth Century saw England as the major super power in the world. During this time, England ascended to the height of its imperial powers, with its grasp and influence worldwide. A phrase was even coined in recognition of this fact: â€Å"The Empire on which the sun never sets†. And yet despite England’s great power, its citizenryRead More An Abstract View of Death in Mrs.Dalloway and The Hours Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesCited Missing In Mrs. Dalloway and The Hours contradictory and almost altered views of death are presented. Virginia Woolf and Michael Cunningham portray death as escape for some, but an entrapment for others. It is no longer treated as a subject to worry about or fear, which society now views it as. A line from Shakespeares Cymbeline, Fear no more the heat o the sun / Nor the furious winter rages, sums up what the authors of Mrs. Dalloway and The Hours are tryingRead MoreMrs Dalloway1427 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range of thoseRead More Society, Class, and Conflict the Social Criticism of Virginia Woolf1936 Words   |  8 PagesVirginia Woolf offers interesting analysis of social pressure and social class in Mrs. Dalloway and The Years. Understanding Woolf’s message about society demands a certain amount of sensitivity and decoding on behalf of her reader. Her social criticism in both texts can be easily overlooked because she keeps it subtle and implicit, hidden in the patterns and courses of her characters’ trains of thoughts. Yet upon such close reading, the essential importance of conflict between the individual and

My Favorite Place free essay sample

My Favorite Place My Favorite place Is In Sedona, Arizona, and Its called Slide Rock. The park is named after the famous Slide Rock, a stretch of slippery creek bottom adjacent to the homestead. Visitors may slide down a slick natural water chute or wade and sun along the creek. They will have to pay a five dollar parking fee, which is well worth it. They can also camp out at slide rock and look at the beautiful view.On my trip to slide rock, I sat in the bright cherry red Durango with my mom, dad, my sister Amber, and my brothers Brendan, and David for ten tiring hours. My head was pounding from all the music and people talking. Then, as we started going high up in elevation, I looked down the tall rocky mountain that was filled with green tress and cute, tiny little houses. Monitored what It would be like to live on a mountain. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time, I was very anxious to get off the mountain because of the fear I have with heights. Finally, my dad says we are ere, I was very enthusiastic about getting out of the car and being able to go In water. While I was walking down towards the water, I saw about 400 different colors of swimming suits on peoples bodies, shining when the sun hit them. People were having so much fun; I was able to tell by how much they were screaming of excitement. On the shiny red rocks there were girls soaking the sun into their pale white skin. Then, when I looked down in the blue fast moving water, I saw cheerful little kids going down the natural water chute, showing their pearly whites as their arena grabbed their camera.When ever we found a spot to set our stuff down, the first thing I did was Jump off grasshopper point, which is as tall as a 5 story building. It was very exhilarating, but yet very fun. Right when I Jumped into the freezing cold water, I felt Like I was In a pool full of ice, but I still wanted to go again. I did It about 6 times, and, while I was doing It, I heard a lot of clicking sounds and I saw a bright light from the corner of my eye, so I looked at my dad and he was taking pictures with his black limit camera.After I jumped off grasshopper point I went down the natural water chute. The guy made me wait thirty seconds, so that I could give the little girl in front of me time to get out. When the guy finally pushed me, I was full of Joy and excitement, and my checks were red from laughing, and my jaw was sore from all the screaming. While going down the water chute, my butt hit every rock on the bottom, like I was sliding down a rocky mountain. I was hitting the side of the rocks whenever I turned, causing my arm to look like a tomato. It didnt hurt as much as you think it loud because I was having so much fun that pain wasnt going to ruin my day. When the sun was starting to go down, we sat on the red rock to watch the beautiful pink, purple, orange sunset. Then my dad decided that It was time to go, even though none of us wanted to leave because we were having so much fun. We decided to, go anyway because we were so tired and we all needed a shower from playing In the dirty water. Therefore we start driving to a hotel in Sedona because we needed to butt and the pillows were as fluffy as a cotton candy stick.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

A Study on Impact of Fdi on Service Sector free essay sample

The study aims to analyze the growth dynamics of the FDI. It intends to see whether the growth in FDI has any significant impact on the service sector growth and also investigates whether a growth in this sector causes the GDP to grow, also analyzes the significance of the FDI Inflows in Indian service sector. The study also looks into the sub-sectoral dynamics and indicates towards the fact that the trade, hotels and restaurants, transport. storage and communications sub-sector contributes the most in the growth of Indian service sector. FDI to developing countries in the 1990s was the leading source of external financing. It is one of the most important component of national development strategies for most of the countries in the world and an important source of non-debt inflows for attaining competitive efficiency by creating a meaningful network of global interconnections. FDI provide opportunities to host countries to enhance their economic development and opens new opportunities to home countries to optimize their earnings by employing their ideal resources. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study on Impact of Fdi on Service Sector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page India ranks fifteenth in the services output and it provides employment to around 23% of the total workforce in the country. The various sectors under the Services Sector in India are construction, trade, hotels, transport, restaurant, communication and storage, social and personal services, community, insurance, financing, business services, and real estate. Meaning: FDI stands for Foreign Direct Investment, a component of a countrys national financial accounts. Foreign direct investment is investment of foreign assets into domestic structures, equipment, and organizations. It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets. Foreign direct investment is thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially hot money which can leave at the first sign of trouble, whereas FDI is durable and generally useful whether things go well or badly. Classifications of Foreign Direct Investment FDI is classified depending on the direction of flow of money. * Outward FDI:Any investment made by a country in other countries will account for outward FDI. Where as, all the FDIs invested by other countries in that country is called inward FDI. Outward FDI, also referred to as direct investment abroad, is backed by the government against all associated risk. * Inward FDI : Inward FDI occurs when foreign capital is invested in local resources. The factors propelling the growth of inward FDI include tax breaks, low interest rates and grants. FDI is classified depending on how the subsidiary company works in par with the parent investors. * Vertical: Vertical FDIs happen when a corporation owns some share of the foreign enterprise. The local enterprise could either be supplying the input or selling finished goods to the parent corporation. The subsidiary here helps the parent company to grow more. * Horizontal: When the MNCs kick off similar business operations in different countries it becomes horizontal Foreign Direct Investment. It is actually a cloning that is happening here. Both the countries enjoy the same share of growth. FDI IN INDIA After getting independence in 1947, the government of India envisioned a socialist approach based on the USSR system to developing the country’s economy. The last decade of the 20th century witnessed a drastic increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), accompanied by a marked change in the attitude of most developing countries towards inward investment. FDI flows have grown in importance relative to other forms of international capital flows, and the resulting production has increased as a share of world output.. FDI in India has in a lot of ways enabled India to achieve a certain degree of financial stability, growth and development during recession. This money has allowed India to focus on the areas that may have needed economic attention and address various problems that continue to challenge the country. The factors that attracted investment in India are stable economic policies, availability of cheap and quality human resources, and opportunities of new unexplored markets. Mostly FDI are flowing in service sector and manufacturing sector recorded very low investments. The investments in service sector enhanced the benefit of flow of funds to the home country. Presently India is contributing about 17% of world total population but the share of GDP to world GDP is 2%. India has been ranked at the second place in global foreign direct investments in 2010 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-12 period, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in a report on world investment prospects titled, World Investment Prospects Survey 2009-2012. According to the fact sheet on foreign direct investment dated October 2010. Mauritius is the highest FDI investment in equity inflows with 42% of the total inflow followed by Singapore, USA, UK and Netherlands with 9%, 7%, 5% and 4% respectively. Service sector is the highest FDI attracting inflows with 21% of the total inflows, followed by computer software and hardware, telecommunication and housing and real estate with 9%, 8%, 7% and 7% inflows respectively. A report released in February 2010 by Leeds University Business School, commissioned by UK Trade amp; Investment (UKTI), ranks India among the top three countries where British companies can do better business during 2012-14. According to Ernst and Youngs 2010 European Attractiveness Survey, India is ranked as the fourth most attractive foreign direct investment destination in 2010.

Friday, April 17, 2020

What is the Best Way to Write a Sample Essay For Your Job Application?

What is the Best Way to Write a Sample Essay For Your Job Application?How should you write a sample essay for your job application? In fact, you need to create a sample essay in a way that will make an impact on the first page of the application. It is important that you emphasize professional presence and influence with your paper. The sample essay that you create must display the traits of a professional resume.Firstly, you need to create a paper that can have the reader see the written word as one might see it. You need to make the reader feel that the paper is one that is professional in nature. Some papers may have professional qualities but they will not speak the English language like you or me would.It is important to use the paper to give your reader a glimpse of the professional way you work in and out of the office. They should be able to have a feeling that you are one who works with integrity and takes pride in what you do. By doing this, the reader will come to realize that you are someone they should hire and want to hire. Make sure that you emphasize how you have been given the chance to apply for the job as a professional.The next step in writing a professional paper is to write in a way that will show that you have excellent writing skills. Avoid using grammar errors that will make the reader question your skills. Do not use articles that contain incorrect grammar.Use all of the spaces available in the paper. Do not be afraid to include as much information as possible in your paper. You want to be able to take advantage of every space and allow yourself to be seen as someone who has been given a chance to be interviewed by a company.It is also important to make sure that you do not try to oversell yourself. When you use big words, you want to make sure that they do not overpower the content of the paper. Make sure that you do not show off your writing ability to the best of your ability.When you are applying for a job that is actually in the b uilding, you want to highlight a strong point about your background. You can do this by describing in detail your years at a college. You can also use these specific details to get inside the reader's head.Once you have created a sample essay, you need to make sure that you do not make the mistake of making it too general. The last thing you want to do is to tell a story about your past experience. Instead, focus on your work experience and how it will impact your future.

Monday, April 13, 2020

Existence of God Essay Example

Existence of God Essay There are many types of Cosmological argument, but it is better to concentrate on a small number of them and to probe their intricacies rather than to be content with general summaries. They all share many features in common in particular, they argue from the world to God and are thus a posteriori. In the Timaeus, Plato uses a Cosmological argument to arrive at the Demiurge, but it is Aristotles argument that has had most influence because it was used by St.Thomas Aquinas. Aristotle argued to an unmoved mover. This unmoved mover was not a personal God like the Christian God, and it had no religious significance rather, it should be seen as the ultimate cause of the Cosmos. Plotinus, in the third century, modified Platos argument, although again did not arrive at the Christian God. Plotinus God created the world from himself (and not from nothing) by a necessary unfolding of himself God had no choice. Plotinus God was also beyond all description and NEEDED to create in order to bec ome conscious (Process theology draws on this view). The Islamic and Jewish philosophers tended to be in advance of Christian philosophers in the early middle ages. Alfarabi and Avicenna put forward distinctive proofs, including the significant KALAM argument. The Jewish thinker Maimonides put forward an argument which led to a God similar to that of Aquinas he claimed that the I AM of the Old Testament has absolute existence, and that He alone exists necessarily and absolutely. AQUINAS ARGUMENT =================== We will write a custom essay sample on Existence of God specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Existence of God specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Existence of God specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Aquinas Five Ways are the cornerstone of Catholic Natural Theology because they claim to show that language about God successfully refers. However, Aquinas was not creating new arguments but using old ones; for example, Aquinas Fifth Way owed much to Platos argument in the Timaeus. In the Five Ways, Aquinas argues: 1. FROM MOTION 2. FROM EFFICIENT CAUSES 3. FROM CONTINGENCY AND NECESSITY 4. FROM GRADES OF PERFECTION IN THINGS, and 5. FROM DESIGN. It is not certain that Aquinas intended his arguments to establish the existence of God independent of faith. Lubor Veleckys book1, argues that Aquinas did not intend the arguments as proofs rather, he wished to show existing believers that it was rational to believe in God; he was not trying to convince atheists by philosophic argument. Velecky points out that Aquinas was already a firm believer, and wrote for a world which accepted Aristotelian categories he would never have expected the arguments (which he treats very briefly) to have had the weight they have subsequently been given. However, it is not necessarily the case that Velecky is right; it may well be held that Aquinas DID intend to produce proofs and, indeed, that his whole system depends on their success. The most interesting of Aquinas Five Ways is probably the third the argument from contingency. My summary of it is as follows: 1. Everything can be or not be 2. If this is so, given infinite time, at some time everything would not be 3. If there was once nothing, nothing could come from it 4. Therefore something must necessarily exist (NOTE MOST CAREFULLY that this is not God) 5. Everything necessary must be caused or uncaused 6. The series of necessary things cannot go on to infinity as there would then be no explanation for the series 7. Therefore there must be some Being having of itself its own necessity 8. This is what everyone calls God. It is important to note that the overall aim of Aquinas arguments is not to move back in a temporal sequence rather, they seek to establish DEPENDENCE, the dependence of the world on God now. Aquinas believed that there was no way of establishing that the Universe had a beginning in time this was a revealed doctrine. He did, however, believe that his arguments established the need for the world to be DEPENDENT on God. Aquinas arguments arrive at That which is necessary to explain the Universe or that which is necessary to explain motion, causation or contingency. We do not know what God is, but whatever God is, God is that which is necessary to explain the Universes existence. There is a jump, however, from whatever this is, to describing it as God. THIS GAVE RISE TO PASCALS QUOTE The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob not the God of the philosophers. Aquinas ends his proofs by saying This is what everyone calls God, but this can be challenged. Aquinas Prime Mover appears radically different from the God of most Christians. If we said that God was whatever sustains the universe in existence, we would be somewhere near to what Aquinas was saying but this whatever may be some way from Yahweh. It is important to recognize that Aquinas ends up with God as de re necessary necessary in and of himself and cause of himself. This is NOT meant to be the same as de dicto necessity (logical necessity, based on the way words are used for instance All spinsters are female) which applies in the Ontological argument. It is necessary to be clear on the difference between de re and de dicto necessity. The Ontological argument starts with de dicto necessity2 and attempts to arrive at de re necessity3. The de re necessary God is wholly simple. The crux of the notion of Divine simplicity is the identity of essence and existence in God God is not something that just happens to exist, Gods essence includes existence. God cannot be a material being because God: cannot have any intrinsic accidental properties: cannot, therefore, change in any way; and cannot be an individual of any given species or genus. Hence an absolutely necessary being does not have a nature in any straightforward sense at all.4 WILLIAM OF OCKHAM (1290 -1350) raised at least three problems which go to the heart of the Cosmological argument: 1) Ockham challenged Aquinas view that an infinite series was impossible. He maintained that causes could be ORIGINATING CAUSES and not CONSERVING CAUSES in other words, one cause could bring something else into existence but not then have to conserve its existence. A mother is responsible for bringing a baby into the world but not for retaining the baby in existence once it has grown. This is important as Aquinas wishes to establish that the world depends on God NOW; God did not just create the universe and then leave (Aquinas is not a deist). 2) Ockham queried whether there was any necessary link between cause and effect. This was the same point which was made by Hume centuries later the Cosmological argument depends on there being a necessary link between cause and effect. On the face of it, this seems a reasonable link to make, except that some scientists today claim that there are uncaused causes that certain fundamental particles come into existence without any explanation. One problem with this view is whether it is a true statement, or simply a reflection of our present ignorance. 3) Ockham did not think it possible to prove that there was only one God, nor that the most perfect possible being existed. There is a distinction between two possibilities. Either God is: i) The most perfect being that actually exists. In this case, there clearly is such a being (whatever it may be), but this does not mean it is the Christian God. Or ii) The most perfect being that could possibly exist. In this case, however, there is no way of showing that this POSSIBLE being is also an actual being. Christians maintain that God is the most perfect possible being. Ockhams claim is that the most that the Cosmological argument can establish is the most perfect being that actually exists, and there is no way of moving from this to showing that God is the most perfect possible being. It is in this sense that the Cosmological argument is sometimes held to depend on the Ontological, as the Ontological argument starts from the definition that God is the most perfect possible being. Ockhams point might be re-stated by claiming that this position is needed by Christianity but cannot be established by the Cosmological argument. Aquinas considered that Gods existence cannot be known to be necessary by understanding Gods nature, as human beings cannot know this nature. However, he considered that if we COULD know this nature (in the way that God does) THEN Gods existence would be seen to be necessary. Because of our lack of knowledge of Gods nature, Aquinas rejects the ontological argument and all his arguments move from features of the universe to God. Ockhams approach to Theology is distinctive and important. He often differed from Aquinas, and his arguments are frequently strong. His position deserves greater attention than it tends to be given! The same, incidentally, applies to the philosophy of Bonaventure and Duns Scotus. LEIBNIZ (1646 1716) ==================== The best known expression of Leibniz argument is based on the BOOK OF THE ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY: Suppose the book of the elements of geometry to have been eternal, one copy always having been written down from an earlier one. It is evident that even though a reason can be given for the present book out of a past one, we should never come to a full reason. What is true of the books is also true of the states of the world. If you suppose the world eternal you will suppose nothing but a succession of states and will not find in any of them a sufficient reason. Leibniz often uses the word reason but it is clear that this effectively means cause. for instance he quotes the example of Archimedes balance which is held in equal balance unless there is a reason (i.e. cause) why one side should be weighed down. He argues for the existence of the ultimate reason of things which he takes to mean the ultimate cause of things. Effectively he wishes to maintain that everything (including the universe itself) must have a reason or cause for its existence and this must mean there is an ultimate, uncaused cause which he takes to be God. Leibniz considered that there must be a complete or sufficient explanation, and therefore the book (in the example above), like the world, must have had a first cause. Geisler and Corduan5 summarise Leibniz argument as follows: 1. The world we see is changing 2. Whatever is changing lacks within itself the reason for its own existence 3. There is a sufficient reason for everything either within itself or outside itself 4. Therefore there must be a cause beyond itself for its existence 5. Either this cause is itself caused or is its own sufficient reason 6. There cannot be an infinite regress of causes because this will never provide a sufficient reason 7. Therefore there must be a first Cause of the world which has no reason beyond itself but is its own sufficient reason. The key to this argument is the PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON, which Leibniz thought to be self-evidently true. In practice, people are normally content with proximate reasons reasons that satisfy. Thus the reason these notes are written is to make philosophic issues clearer to students. One might ask further questions such as why I bother since no-one reads them, whether this is the best way of helping students, or even why the students are studying Philosophy of Religion at all, but most people would not consider that there has to be an ultimate explanation of my action in order for the explanation to make sense. It is the assertion of an ultimate explanation that the Principle of Sufficient Reason maintains. Kai Neilsen says that If a series were literally infinite, there would be no need for there to be a first cause to get the causal order started, for there would always be a causal order since an infinite series can have no first member6. However even if a series existed eternally, then it could still be argued that God is needed to sustain the series which brings the discussion back to whether the whole causal series is simply a brute fact or requires God to explain it. Mackie7 maintains that Leibniz argument can be challenged in two ways: 1. Firstly by asking How do we know everything must have a sufficient reason? Leibniz asserts that this is the case but does not actually provide any compelling argument, 2. Secondly, How can there be a necessary being, one that contains its own sufficient reason? Leibniz does not have any compelling reason to show why the existence of such a being is necessary. HUMES CRITICISMS8 ================== Hume offers a sustained attack on the Cosmological arguments, and his arguments have since been developed and elaborated: 1. Like causes resemble like effects. The most that can be derived from finite effects will be finite causes. All that it is reasonable to do is to propose a cause adequate to explain the effect, and this will be a finite cause. Hume asks why one should not postulate male and female gods who are born and die, as the closer the analogy between causes in the world and causes of the world as a whole the closer should be the resemblance between us as agents who cause things and God. 2. We have no experience of universes being made. Nothing counts for or against the hypothesis about the origin of everything. Swinburne (The Existence of God) rejects this view as he argues that everything is unique under some description although Humes point is that we know about causes within the universe, and this does not entitle us to move to a cause of the universe as a whole. The essence of this point can be expressed by saying that it is one thing to say that every human being has a mother, but that one cannot move from this to say that there is a mother for the whole human race. 3. No proposition about existence can be logically necessary. The opposite of any statement about existence is always perfectly possible. This objection may rest on a confusion, as Aquinas does not claim that Gods existence is logically necessary instead he claims that the existence of God is necessary GIVEN motion, cause, contingency, etc.. God is not logically necessary God is de re necessary, necessary in and of himself. 4. The words necessary being have no consistent meaning. Any being claimed to exist may or may not exist. Hume stated this by saying that All existential propositions are synthetic. 5. If necessary being means only imperishable being, then the universe itself may be necessary. This is similar to Russells point in his debate with Copleston. IF one accepts (and Russell did not) that things in the world are contingent, why should not the Universe as a whole be necessary? We know from Einsteins principle of the conservation of matter that matter and energy remain constant, so why should matter and energy not be the constants that are necessary to explain the contingency of everything else? 6. An infinite series is possible. If this is true, then there need be no sufficient reason and no end to the regress of justification. 7. There is no way of establishing the principle of causality (see discussion of this point under Ockham above). KANTs CRITICISMS ================== Kants key criticism (although there are a number) is based on the claim that NO EXISTENTIAL STATEMENT CAN BE NECESSARY. Necessity only applies to thought; it cannot apply to being. Kant is, therefore, rejecting the idea of God as de re necessary. Brian Davies says that as God is not a something, we should not ask what caused God. But this is to put God into a special category (see Lee below), which Kant effectively rejects. Kant maintained that genuine knowledge and reasoning can only be about objects of possible experience and since we cannot experience the object which is God, we cannot reason our way to Him. You cannot move from physical premises to a metaphysical conclusion. We can, in other words, know about the PHENOMENA but not the NOUMENA. MARTIN LEE9 ============ Martin Lees point is that either God is something or God is nothing. If God is something we can ask what caused God, whilst if God is nothing God cannot be an explanation for the universe. Aquinas wants to deny this distinction. Aquinas maintains that God is neither something nor nothing God is in Gods own category. Brian Davies makes the same point, and it is central to the cosmological argument. There are various possible definitions of the Universe, thus: * DAVIES All existing things * COPLESTON The real or imagined totality or aggregate of individual objects. Lee maintains that if the world is the aggregate of objects, then the explanation of the existence of the world is the aggregate of the explanations of individual objects. So the cause of a chair is the carpenter, plus materials and tools. If the totality is no more than the aggregate, then once one has explained the existence of each item in the aggregate, there is no more to explain. IF the world is more than the aggregate then we are into the design argument. So Lee maintains that REVELATION and not Natural Theology tells us that the world was created and dependent. One of the crucial moves in the Cosmological argument is whether it is a legitimate move on the part of Aquinas to put God into a category of Gods own neither something nor nothing. Lee maintains that it is not but, perhaps, his argument rests on the idea that God must be in some sense an object in the Universe rather than in a category of Gods own. The latter view appears attractive, but critics could maintain that by putting God into a self-explanatory, unique category one is making an unjustified assumption which could be regarded as a somewhat ad hoc hypothesis. WHY POSTULATE THIS SPECIAL CATEGORY? DOES THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT REST ON A MISTAKE? ===================================================== Perhaps the whole idea of the Cosmological argument is misconceived; some philosophers have taken this view. I believe in God may not work according to the same logic as saying I believe in an undiscovered planet between earth and Mars. Rush Rhees maintains this view. He says: If you tried to explain to someone who had no idea of religion that there was a first cause, you could be arguing as follows: There must be a first cause, a Something and this something is more powerful, whatever that means, than anything else so you would not have been conceived or born but for the operation of Something, and Something might wipe everything out of existence at any time. Would THAT give us any idea of the wonder and glory of God? Surely he would reply: What a frightful idea! Like a Frankenstein without limit so that you cannot escape it the most ghastly nightmare. If my chief reason for worshipping God had to be a belief that a super-Frankenstein would blast me to Hell if I did not, then I hope I should have the decency to tell this being who is named Almighty God to go ahead and blast. Is the reason for worshipping God rather than the Devil that God is stronger than the Devil? GOD WILL GET YOU IN THE END AND THEN YOU WILL BE FOR IT. THINK OF THE FUTURE BOY, AND DONT THROW AWAY YOUR CHANCES. What a creeping, vile sort of thing this religion would be. God, Rush Rhees maintains, does not have MORE power than the Devil, God has a different sort of power. Both D.Z. Phillips and R.W. Hepburn consider, with Tillich, that: The Cosmological Argument degrades God to the level of the world. Tillich says: The arguments for the existence of God are neither arguments nor are they proofs of the existence of God, they are expressions of the Question of God which is implied by human finitude. D. Z. Phillips, in a chapter From world to God in his book Faith and Philosophic Enquiry, sees the Cosmological argument as an attempt to explain the world. In DostoyevskysThe Brothers Karamazov, Dimitri asks why a baby is crying he is not interested in the circumstances but in the larger question. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MEANING OF THE WORLD AND THE MEANING OF LIFE ARE THE SAME. The meaning of life and of the world is, Phillips maintains, to be found WITHIN the Universe and not outside it. Phillips maintains that Gods love is other than the world as it means dying to the worlds way of looking at things. So the man who loves God cannot be harmed by any of the worlds suffering or evils. This is what Jesus meant when he said that perfect love casts out fear or when he talked of the peace that only he could give, or what Socrates meant when he said that The Good man cannot be harmed. Phillips, however, argues for a non-realist understanding of Gods existence (see my book, The Puzzle of God), so he would naturally reject the enterprise of which the Cosmological argument forms part. Whether he is right or not is a wider issue. FINALLY ======== At the end of the day, the key issue is possibly whether the world as a brute fact (Bertrand Russell) is more self-explanatory than God as the cause of the Universe. The Big Bang theory points to the idea that the universe had a beginning and that space and time came into existence with the Universe this is similar to the position which supporters of the Cosmological argument seek to establish. It also points to a God who is timeless and spaceless, since time and space would be dependent on the created Universe. However, whether the universe is the ultimate inexplicable fact, or whether God is the ultimate explanation, is what the argument is all about and this is not easy to establish. Believers in God may find the argument persuasive; others may be less convinced. Hick and Swinburne are examples of philosophers who take different views on this and it is essential, if the argument is to succeed, to show why God is the better ultimate explanation. Swinburne (The Existence of God10) maintains that God is a SIMPLER explanation than the brute fact of the universe because God provides a personal explanation but this is debatable. Aquinas certainly considered that God was metaphysically simple (this is the defining characteristic of the Thomist God from which other features such as Gods timelessness, immutability, spacelessness, bodilessness, etc. are derived), but this is VERY different from saying that God provides a simple explanation. Also, it is all very well saying that God is personal, but it is far from clear what personal means when applied to the wholly simple God it certainly cannot be understood univocally (see The Puzzle of God 11for a discussion on analogy and metaphor in religious language) since God is not personal in the same sense as a human being is personal.